Major permission naming refactor and database migration cleanup

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class Activity extends Model
      */
     public function user()
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo('BookStack\User');
+        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
     }
 
     /**

-<?php
-
-namespace BookStack;
+<?php namespace BookStack;
 
 class Book extends Entity
 {
 
     protected $fillable = ['name', 'description'];
 
+    /**
+     * Get the url for this book.
+     * @return string
+     */
     public function getUrl()
     {
         return '/books/' . $this->slug;
     }
 
+    /*
+     * Get the edit url for this book.
+     * @return string
+     */
     public function getEditUrl()
     {
         return $this->getUrl() . '/edit';
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get all pages within this book.
+     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany
+     */
     public function pages()
     {
-        return $this->hasMany('BookStack\Page');
+        return $this->hasMany(Page::class);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get all chapters within this book.
+     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany
+     */
     public function chapters()
     {
-        return $this->hasMany('BookStack\Chapter');
+        return $this->hasMany(Chapter::class);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get an excerpt of this book's description to the specified length or less.
+     * @param int $length
+     * @return string
+     */
     public function getExcerpt($length = 100)
     {
-        return strlen($this->description) > $length ? substr($this->description, 0, $length-3) . '...' : $this->description;
+        $description = $this->description;
+        return strlen($description) > $length ? substr($description, 0, $length-3) . '...' : $description;
     }
 
 }

@@ -5,25 +5,43 @@ class Chapter extends Entity
 {
     protected $fillable = ['name', 'description', 'priority', 'book_id'];
 
+    /**
+     * Get the book this chapter is within.
+     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo
+     */
     public function book()
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo('BookStack\Book');
+        return $this->belongsTo(Book::class);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get the pages that this chapter contains.
+     * @return mixed
+     */
     public function pages()
     {
-        return $this->hasMany('BookStack\Page')->orderBy('priority', 'ASC');
+        return $this->hasMany(Page::class)->orderBy('priority', 'ASC');
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get the url of this chapter.
+     * @return string
+     */
     public function getUrl()
     {
         $bookSlug = $this->getAttribute('bookSlug') ? $this->getAttribute('bookSlug') : $this->book->slug;
         return '/books/' . $bookSlug. '/chapter/' . $this->slug;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get an excerpt of this chapter's description to the specified length or less.
+     * @param int $length
+     * @return string
+     */
     public function getExcerpt($length = 100)
     {
-        return strlen($this->description) > $length ? substr($this->description, 0, $length-3) . '...' : $this->description;
+        $description = $this->description;
+        return strlen($description) > $length ? substr($description, 0, $length-3) . '...' : $description;
     }
 
 }

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace BookStack\Console\Commands;
 
-use BookStack\Services\RestrictionService;
+use BookStack\Services\PermissionService;
 use Illuminate\Console\Command;
 
 class RegeneratePermissions extends Command
@@ -24,18 +24,18 @@ class RegeneratePermissions extends Command
     /**
      * The service to handle the permission system.
      *
-     * @var RestrictionService
+     * @var PermissionService
      */
-    protected $restrictionService;
+    protected $permissionService;
 
     /**
      * Create a new command instance.
      *
-     * @param RestrictionService $restrictionService
+     * @param PermissionService $permissionService
      */
-    public function __construct(RestrictionService $restrictionService)
+    public function __construct(PermissionService $permissionService)
     {
-        $this->restrictionService = $restrictionService;
+        $this->permissionService = $permissionService;
         parent::__construct();
     }
 
@@ -46,6 +46,6 @@ class RegeneratePermissions extends Command
      */
     public function handle()
     {
-        $this->restrictionService->buildEntityPermissions();
+        $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissions();
     }
 }

-<?php
-
-namespace BookStack;
+<?php namespace BookStack;
 
 class EmailConfirmation extends Model
 {
     protected $fillable = ['user_id', 'token'];
 
+    /**
+     * Get the user that this confirmation is attached to.
+     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo
+     */
     public function user()
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo('BookStack\User');
+        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
     }
+    
 }

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ abstract class Entity extends Ownable
      */
     public function activity()
     {
-        return $this->morphMany('BookStack\Activity', 'entity')->orderBy('created_at', 'desc');
+        return $this->morphMany(Activity::class, 'entity')->orderBy('created_at', 'desc');
     }
 
     /**
@@ -51,15 +51,15 @@ abstract class Entity extends Ownable
      */
     public function views()
     {
-        return $this->morphMany('BookStack\View', 'viewable');
+        return $this->morphMany(View::class, 'viewable');
     }
 
     /**
      * Get this entities restrictions.
      */
-    public function restrictions()
+    public function permissions()
     {
-        return $this->morphMany('BookStack\Restriction', 'restrictable');
+        return $this->morphMany(EntityPermission::class, 'restrictable');
     }
 
     /**
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ abstract class Entity extends Ownable
      */
     public function hasRestriction($role_id, $action)
     {
-        return $this->restrictions()->where('role_id', '=', $role_id)
+        return $this->permissions()->where('role_id', '=', $role_id)
             ->where('action', '=', $action)->count() > 0;
     }
 
@@ -86,12 +86,12 @@ abstract class Entity extends Ownable
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get the entity permissions this is connected to.
+     * Get the entity jointPermissions this is connected to.
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphMany
      */
-    public function permissions()
+    public function jointPermissions()
     {
-        return $this->morphMany(EntityPermission::class, 'entity');
+        return $this->morphMany(JointPermission::class, 'entity');
     }
 
     /**

 <?php namespace BookStack;
 
+
 class EntityPermission extends Model
 {
-    public $timestamps = false;
 
-    /**
-     * Get the role that this points to.
-     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo
-     */
-    public function role()
-    {
-        return $this->belongsTo(Role::class);
-    }
+    protected $fillable = ['role_id', 'action'];
+    public $timestamps = false;
 
     /**
-     * Get the entity this points to.
-     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphOne
+     * Get all this restriction's attached entity.
+     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphTo
      */
-    public function entity()
+    public function restrictable()
     {
-        return $this->morphOne(Entity::class, 'entity');
+        return $this->morphTo('restrictable');
     }
 }

@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
     {
         $book = $this->bookRepo->getBySlug($bookSlug);
         $this->checkOwnablePermission('restrictions-manage', $book);
-        $this->bookRepo->updateRestrictionsFromRequest($request, $book);
+        $this->bookRepo->updateEntityPermissionsFromRequest($request, $book);
         session()->flash('success', 'Book Restrictions Updated');
         return redirect($book->getUrl());
     }

@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
         $book = $this->bookRepo->getBySlug($bookSlug);
         $chapter = $this->chapterRepo->getBySlug($chapterSlug, $book->id);
         $this->checkOwnablePermission('restrictions-manage', $chapter);
-        $this->chapterRepo->updateRestrictionsFromRequest($request, $chapter);
+        $this->chapterRepo->updateEntityPermissionsFromRequest($request, $chapter);
         session()->flash('success', 'Chapter Restrictions Updated');
         return redirect($chapter->getUrl());
     }

@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
     }
 
     /**
-     * Set the restrictions for this page.
+     * Set the permissions for this page.
      * @param $bookSlug
      * @param $pageSlug
      * @param Request $request
@@ -462,8 +462,8 @@ class PageController extends Controller
         $book = $this->bookRepo->getBySlug($bookSlug);
         $page = $this->pageRepo->getBySlug($pageSlug, $book->id);
         $this->checkOwnablePermission('restrictions-manage', $page);
-        $this->pageRepo->updateRestrictionsFromRequest($request, $page);
-        session()->flash('success', 'Page Restrictions Updated');
+        $this->pageRepo->updateEntityPermissionsFromRequest($request, $page);
+        session()->flash('success', 'Page Permissions Updated');
         return redirect($page->getUrl());
     }
 

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 use BookStack\Exceptions\PermissionsException;
 use BookStack\Repos\PermissionsRepo;
-use BookStack\Services\RestrictionService;
+use BookStack\Services\PermissionService;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use BookStack\Http\Requests;
 

+<?php namespace BookStack;
+
+class JointPermission extends Model
+{
+    public $timestamps = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Get the role that this points to.
+     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo
+     */
+    public function role()
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(Role::class);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the entity this points to.
+     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphOne
+     */
+    public function entity()
+    {
+        return $this->morphOne(Entity::class, 'entity');
+    }
+}

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ abstract class Ownable extends Model
      */
     public function createdBy()
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo('BookStack\User', 'created_by');
+        return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'created_by');
     }
 
     /**
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ abstract class Ownable extends Model
      */
     public function updatedBy()
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo('BookStack\User', 'updated_by');
+        return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'updated_by');
     }
 
     /**

@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ class Page extends Entity
 
     protected $simpleAttributes = ['name', 'id', 'slug'];
 
+    /**
+     * Converts this page into a simplified array.
+     * @return mixed
+     */
     public function toSimpleArray()
     {
         $array = array_intersect_key($this->toArray(), array_flip($this->simpleAttributes));
@@ -14,26 +18,46 @@ class Page extends Entity
         return $array;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get the book this page sits in.
+     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo
+     */
     public function book()
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo('BookStack\Book');
+        return $this->belongsTo(Book::class);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get the chapter that this page is in, If applicable.
+     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo
+     */
     public function chapter()
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo('BookStack\Chapter');
+        return $this->belongsTo(Chapter::class);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Check if this page has a chapter.
+     * @return bool
+     */
     public function hasChapter()
     {
         return $this->chapter()->count() > 0;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get the associated page revisions, ordered by created date.
+     * @return mixed
+     */
     public function revisions()
     {
-        return $this->hasMany('BookStack\PageRevision')->where('type', '=', 'version')->orderBy('created_at', 'desc');
+        return $this->hasMany(PageRevision::class)->where('type', '=', 'version')->orderBy('created_at', 'desc');
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get the url for this page.
+     * @return string
+     */
     public function getUrl()
     {
         $bookSlug = $this->getAttribute('bookSlug') ? $this->getAttribute('bookSlug') : $this->book->slug;
@@ -42,6 +66,11 @@ class Page extends Entity
         return '/books/' . $bookSlug . $midText . $idComponent;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get an excerpt of this page's content to the specified length.
+     * @param int $length
+     * @return mixed
+     */
     public function getExcerpt($length = 100)
     {
         $text = strlen($this->text) > $length ? substr($this->text, 0, $length-3) . '...' : $this->text;

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class PageRevision extends Model
      */
     public function createdBy()
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo('BookStack\User', 'created_by');
+        return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'created_by');
     }
 
     /**
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class PageRevision extends Model
      */
     public function page()
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo('BookStack\Page');
+        return $this->belongsTo(Page::class);
     }
 
     /**

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 namespace BookStack\Providers;
 
 use Auth;
+use BookStack\Services\LdapService;
 use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
 
 class AuthServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ class AuthServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
     public function register()
     {
         Auth::provider('ldap', function($app, array $config) {
-            return new LdapUserProvider($config['model'], $app['BookStack\Services\LdapService']);
+            return new LdapUserProvider($config['model'], $app[LdapService::class]);
         });
     }
 }

@@ -2,11 +2,18 @@
 
 namespace BookStack\Providers;
 
+use BookStack\Activity;
 use BookStack\Services\ImageService;
+use BookStack\Services\PermissionService;
 use BookStack\Services\ViewService;
+use BookStack\Setting;
+use BookStack\View;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Cache\Repository;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Filesystem\Factory;
 use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
 use BookStack\Services\ActivityService;
 use BookStack\Services\SettingService;
+use Intervention\Image\ImageManager;
 
 class CustomFacadeProvider extends ServiceProvider
 {
@@ -29,30 +36,30 @@ class CustomFacadeProvider extends ServiceProvider
     {
         $this->app->bind('activity', function() {
             return new ActivityService(
-                $this->app->make('BookStack\Activity'),
-                $this->app->make('BookStack\Services\RestrictionService')
+                $this->app->make(Activity::class),
+                $this->app->make(PermissionService::class)
             );
         });
 
         $this->app->bind('views', function() {
             return new ViewService(
-                $this->app->make('BookStack\View'),
-                $this->app->make('BookStack\Services\RestrictionService')
+                $this->app->make(View::class),
+                $this->app->make(PermissionService::class)
             );
         });
 
         $this->app->bind('setting', function() {
             return new SettingService(
-                $this->app->make('BookStack\Setting'),
-                $this->app->make('Illuminate\Contracts\Cache\Repository')
+                $this->app->make(Setting::class),
+                $this->app->make(Repository::class)
             );
         });
 
         $this->app->bind('images', function() {
             return new ImageService(
-                $this->app->make('Intervention\Image\ImageManager'),
-                $this->app->make('Illuminate\Contracts\Filesystem\Factory'),
-                $this->app->make('Illuminate\Contracts\Cache\Repository')
+                $this->app->make(ImageManager::class),
+                $this->app->make(Factory::class),
+                $this->app->make(Repository::class)
             );
         });
     }

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class BookRepo extends EntityRepo
      */
     private function bookQuery()
     {
-        return $this->restrictionService->enforceBookRestrictions($this->book, 'view');
+        return $this->permissionService->enforceBookRestrictions($this->book, 'view');
     }
 
     /**
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class BookRepo extends EntityRepo
         $book->created_by = auth()->user()->id;
         $book->updated_by = auth()->user()->id;
         $book->save();
-        $this->restrictionService->buildEntityPermissionsForEntity($book);
+        $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($book);
         return $book;
     }
 
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ class BookRepo extends EntityRepo
         $book->slug = $this->findSuitableSlug($book->name, $book->id);
         $book->updated_by = auth()->user()->id;
         $book->save();
-        $this->restrictionService->buildEntityPermissionsForEntity($book);
+        $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($book);
         return $book;
     }
 
@@ -168,18 +168,18 @@ class BookRepo extends EntityRepo
             $this->chapterRepo->destroy($chapter);
         }
         $book->views()->delete();
-        $book->restrictions()->delete();
-        $this->restrictionService->deleteEntityPermissionsForEntity($book);
+        $book->permissions()->delete();
+        $this->permissionService->deleteJointPermissionsForEntity($book);
         $book->delete();
     }
 
     /**
-     * Alias method to update the book permissions in the RestrictionService.
+     * Alias method to update the book jointPermissions in the PermissionService.
      * @param Book $book
      */
     public function updateBookPermissions(Book $book)
     {
-        $this->restrictionService->buildEntityPermissionsForEntity($book);
+        $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($book);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ class BookRepo extends EntityRepo
     public function getChildren(Book $book, $filterDrafts = false)
     {
         $pageQuery = $book->pages()->where('chapter_id', '=', 0);
-        $pageQuery = $this->restrictionService->enforcePageRestrictions($pageQuery, 'view');
+        $pageQuery = $this->permissionService->enforcePageRestrictions($pageQuery, 'view');
 
         if ($filterDrafts) {
             $pageQuery = $pageQuery->where('draft', '=', false);
@@ -246,10 +246,10 @@ class BookRepo extends EntityRepo
         $pages = $pageQuery->get();
 
         $chapterQuery = $book->chapters()->with(['pages' => function($query) use ($filterDrafts) {
-            $this->restrictionService->enforcePageRestrictions($query, 'view');
+            $this->permissionService->enforcePageRestrictions($query, 'view');
             if ($filterDrafts) $query->where('draft', '=', false);
         }]);
-        $chapterQuery = $this->restrictionService->enforceChapterRestrictions($chapterQuery, 'view');
+        $chapterQuery = $this->permissionService->enforceChapterRestrictions($chapterQuery, 'view');
         $chapters = $chapterQuery->get();
         $children = $pages->merge($chapters);
         $bookSlug = $book->slug;
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ class BookRepo extends EntityRepo
     public function getBySearch($term, $count = 20, $paginationAppends = [])
     {
         $terms = $this->prepareSearchTerms($term);
-        $books = $this->restrictionService->enforceBookRestrictions($this->book->fullTextSearchQuery(['name', 'description'], $terms))
+        $books = $this->permissionService->enforceBookRestrictions($this->book->fullTextSearchQuery(['name', 'description'], $terms))
             ->paginate($count)->appends($paginationAppends);
         $words = join('|', explode(' ', preg_quote(trim($term), '/')));
         foreach ($books as $book) {

@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ use BookStack\Chapter;
 class ChapterRepo extends EntityRepo
 {
     /**
-     * Base query for getting chapters, Takes restrictions into account.
+     * Base query for getting chapters, Takes permissions into account.
      * @return mixed
      */
     private function chapterQuery()
     {
-        return $this->restrictionService->enforceChapterRestrictions($this->chapter, 'view');
+        return $this->permissionService->enforceChapterRestrictions($this->chapter, 'view');
     }
 
     /**
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class ChapterRepo extends EntityRepo
      */
     public function getChildren(Chapter $chapter)
     {
-        $pages = $this->restrictionService->enforcePageRestrictions($chapter->pages())->get();
+        $pages = $this->permissionService->enforcePageRestrictions($chapter->pages())->get();
         // Sort items with drafts first then by priority.
         return $pages->sortBy(function($child, $key) {
             $score = $child->priority;
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class ChapterRepo extends EntityRepo
         $chapter->created_by = auth()->user()->id;
         $chapter->updated_by = auth()->user()->id;
         $chapter = $book->chapters()->save($chapter);
-        $this->restrictionService->buildEntityPermissionsForEntity($chapter);
+        $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($chapter);
         return $chapter;
     }
 
@@ -107,8 +107,8 @@ class ChapterRepo extends EntityRepo
         }
         Activity::removeEntity($chapter);
         $chapter->views()->delete();
-        $chapter->restrictions()->delete();
-        $this->restrictionService->deleteEntityPermissionsForEntity($chapter);
+        $chapter->permissions()->delete();
+        $this->permissionService->deleteJointPermissionsForEntity($chapter);
         $chapter->delete();
     }
 
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ class ChapterRepo extends EntityRepo
     public function getBySearch($term, $whereTerms = [], $count = 20, $paginationAppends = [])
     {
         $terms = $this->prepareSearchTerms($term);
-        $chapters = $this->restrictionService->enforceChapterRestrictions($this->chapter->fullTextSearchQuery(['name', 'description'], $terms, $whereTerms))
+        $chapters = $this->permissionService->enforceChapterRestrictions($this->chapter->fullTextSearchQuery(['name', 'description'], $terms, $whereTerms))
             ->paginate($count)->appends($paginationAppends);
         $words = join('|', explode(' ', preg_quote(trim($term), '/')));
         foreach ($chapters as $chapter) {

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use BookStack\Book;
 use BookStack\Chapter;
 use BookStack\Entity;
 use BookStack\Page;
-use BookStack\Services\RestrictionService;
+use BookStack\Services\PermissionService;
 use BookStack\User;
 
 class EntityRepo
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ class EntityRepo
     public $page;
 
     /**
-     * @var RestrictionService
+     * @var PermissionService
      */
-    protected $restrictionService;
+    protected $permissionService;
 
     /**
      * EntityService constructor.
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class EntityRepo
         $this->book = app(Book::class);
         $this->chapter = app(Chapter::class);
         $this->page = app(Page::class);
-        $this->restrictionService = app(RestrictionService::class);
+        $this->permissionService = app(PermissionService::class);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class EntityRepo
      */
     public function getRecentlyCreatedBooks($count = 20, $page = 0, $additionalQuery = false)
     {
-        $query = $this->restrictionService->enforceBookRestrictions($this->book)
+        $query = $this->permissionService->enforceBookRestrictions($this->book)
             ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc');
         if ($additionalQuery !== false && is_callable($additionalQuery)) {
             $additionalQuery($query);
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class EntityRepo
      */
     public function getRecentlyUpdatedBooks($count = 20, $page = 0)
     {
-        return $this->restrictionService->enforceBookRestrictions($this->book)
+        return $this->permissionService->enforceBookRestrictions($this->book)
             ->orderBy('updated_at', 'desc')->skip($page * $count)->take($count)->get();
     }
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class EntityRepo
      */
     public function getRecentlyCreatedPages($count = 20, $page = 0, $additionalQuery = false)
     {
-        $query = $this->restrictionService->enforcePageRestrictions($this->page)
+        $query = $this->permissionService->enforcePageRestrictions($this->page)
             ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')->where('draft', '=', false);
         if ($additionalQuery !== false && is_callable($additionalQuery)) {
             $additionalQuery($query);
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class EntityRepo
      */
     public function getRecentlyCreatedChapters($count = 20, $page = 0, $additionalQuery = false)
     {
-        $query = $this->restrictionService->enforceChapterRestrictions($this->chapter)
+        $query = $this->permissionService->enforceChapterRestrictions($this->chapter)
             ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc');
         if ($additionalQuery !== false && is_callable($additionalQuery)) {
             $additionalQuery($query);
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class EntityRepo
      */
     public function getRecentlyUpdatedPages($count = 20, $page = 0)
     {
-        return $this->restrictionService->enforcePageRestrictions($this->page)
+        return $this->permissionService->enforcePageRestrictions($this->page)
             ->where('draft', '=', false)
             ->orderBy('updated_at', 'desc')->with('book')->skip($page * $count)->take($count)->get();
     }
@@ -136,14 +136,14 @@ class EntityRepo
      * @param $request
      * @param Entity $entity
      */
-    public function updateRestrictionsFromRequest($request, Entity $entity)
+    public function updateEntityPermissionsFromRequest($request, Entity $entity)
     {
         $entity->restricted = $request->has('restricted') && $request->get('restricted') === 'true';
-        $entity->restrictions()->delete();
+        $entity->permissions()->delete();
         if ($request->has('restrictions')) {
             foreach ($request->get('restrictions') as $roleId => $restrictions) {
                 foreach ($restrictions as $action => $value) {
-                    $entity->restrictions()->create([
+                    $entity->permissions()->create([
                         'role_id' => $roleId,
                         'action'  => strtolower($action)
                     ]);
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ class EntityRepo
             }
         }
         $entity->save();
-        $this->restrictionService->buildEntityPermissionsForEntity($entity);
+        $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($entity);
     }
 
     /**

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 use BookStack\Image;
 use BookStack\Page;
 use BookStack\Services\ImageService;
-use BookStack\Services\RestrictionService;
+use BookStack\Services\PermissionService;
 use Setting;
 use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\File\UploadedFile;
 
@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ class ImageRepo
      * ImageRepo constructor.
      * @param Image $image
      * @param ImageService $imageService
-     * @param RestrictionService $restrictionService
+     * @param PermissionService $permissionService
      * @param Page $page
      */
-    public function __construct(Image $image, ImageService $imageService, RestrictionService $restrictionService, Page $page)
+    public function __construct(Image $image, ImageService $imageService, PermissionService $permissionService, Page $page)
     {
         $this->image = $image;
         $this->imageService = $imageService;
-        $this->restictionService = $restrictionService;
+        $this->restictionService = $permissionService;
         $this->page = $page;
     }
 

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class PageRepo extends EntityRepo
      */
     private function pageQuery($allowDrafts = false)
     {
-        $query = $this->restrictionService->enforcePageRestrictions($this->page, 'view');
+        $query = $this->permissionService->enforcePageRestrictions($this->page, 'view');
         if (!$allowDrafts) {
             $query = $query->where('draft', '=', false);
         }
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class PageRepo extends EntityRepo
     {
         $revision = $this->pageRevision->where('slug', '=', $pageSlug)
             ->whereHas('page', function ($query) {
-                $this->restrictionService->enforcePageRestrictions($query);
+                $this->permissionService->enforcePageRestrictions($query);
             })
             ->where('type', '=', 'version')
             ->where('book_slug', '=', $bookSlug)->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ class PageRepo extends EntityRepo
         if ($chapter) $page->chapter_id = $chapter->id;
 
         $book->pages()->save($page);
-        $this->restrictionService->buildEntityPermissionsForEntity($page);
+        $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($page);
         return $page;
     }
 
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ class PageRepo extends EntityRepo
     public function getBySearch($term, $whereTerms = [], $count = 20, $paginationAppends = [])
     {
         $terms = $this->prepareSearchTerms($term);
-        $pages = $this->restrictionService->enforcePageRestrictions($this->page->fullTextSearchQuery(['name', 'text'], $terms, $whereTerms))
+        $pages = $this->permissionService->enforcePageRestrictions($this->page->fullTextSearchQuery(['name', 'text'], $terms, $whereTerms))
             ->paginate($count)->appends($paginationAppends);
 
         // Add highlights to page text.
@@ -578,13 +578,13 @@ class PageRepo extends EntityRepo
      * Destroy a given page along with its dependencies.
      * @param $page
      */
-    public function destroy($page)
+    public function destroy(Page $page)
     {
         Activity::removeEntity($page);
         $page->views()->delete();
         $page->revisions()->delete();
-        $page->restrictions()->delete();
-        $this->restrictionService->deleteEntityPermissionsForEntity($page);
+        $page->permissions()->delete();
+        $this->permissionService->deleteJointPermissionsForEntity($page);
         $page->delete();
     }
 

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 
 use BookStack\Exceptions\PermissionsException;
-use BookStack\Permission;
+use BookStack\RolePermission;
 use BookStack\Role;
-use BookStack\Services\RestrictionService;
+use BookStack\Services\PermissionService;
 use Setting;
 
 class PermissionsRepo
@@ -12,21 +12,21 @@ class PermissionsRepo
 
     protected $permission;
     protected $role;
-    protected $restrictionService;
+    protected $permissionService;
 
     protected $systemRoles = ['admin', 'public'];
 
     /**
      * PermissionsRepo constructor.
-     * @param Permission $permission
+     * @param RolePermission $permission
      * @param Role $role
-     * @param RestrictionService $restrictionService
+     * @param PermissionService $permissionService
      */
-    public function __construct(Permission $permission, Role $role, RestrictionService $restrictionService)
+    public function __construct(RolePermission $permission, Role $role, PermissionService $permissionService)
     {
         $this->permission = $permission;
         $this->role = $role;
-        $this->restrictionService = $restrictionService;
+        $this->permissionService = $permissionService;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class PermissionsRepo
 
         $permissions = isset($roleData['permissions']) ? array_keys($roleData['permissions']) : [];
         $this->assignRolePermissions($role, $permissions);
-        $this->restrictionService->buildEntityPermissionForRole($role);
+        $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissionForRole($role);
         return $role;
     }
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class PermissionsRepo
 
         $role->fill($roleData);
         $role->save();
-        $this->restrictionService->buildEntityPermissionForRole($role);
+        $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissionForRole($role);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class PermissionsRepo
             }
         }
 
-        $this->restrictionService->deleteEntityPermissionsForRole($role);
+        $this->permissionService->deleteJointPermissionsForRole($role);
         $role->delete();
     }
 

-<?php namespace BookStack;
-
-
-class Restriction extends Model
-{
-
-    protected $fillable = ['role_id', 'action'];
-    public $timestamps = false;
-
-    /**
-     * Get all this restriction's attached entity.
-     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphTo
-     */
-    public function restrictable()
-    {
-        return $this->morphTo();
-    }
-}

@@ -11,24 +11,24 @@ class Role extends Model
      */
     public function users()
     {
-        return $this->belongsToMany('BookStack\User');
+        return $this->belongsToMany(User::class);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get all related entity permissions.
+     * Get all related JointPermissions.
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany
      */
-    public function entityPermissions()
+    public function jointPermissions()
     {
-        return $this->hasMany(EntityPermission::class);
+        return $this->hasMany(JointPermission::class);
     }
 
     /**
-     * The permissions that belong to the role.
+     * The RolePermissions that belong to the role.
      */
     public function permissions()
     {
-        return $this->belongsToMany('BookStack\Permission');
+        return $this->belongsToMany(RolePermission::class, 'permission_role', 'role_id', 'permission_id');
     }
 
     /**
@@ -47,18 +47,18 @@ class Role extends Model
 
     /**
      * Add a permission to this role.
-     * @param Permission $permission
+     * @param RolePermission $permission
      */
-    public function attachPermission(Permission $permission)
+    public function attachPermission(RolePermission $permission)
     {
         $this->permissions()->attach($permission->id);
     }
 
     /**
      * Detach a single permission from this role.
-     * @param Permission $permission
+     * @param RolePermission $permission
      */
-    public function detachPermission(Permission $permission)
+    public function detachPermission(RolePermission $permission)
     {
         $this->permissions()->detach($permission->id);
     }
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class Role extends Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * GEt all visible roles
+     * Get all visible roles
      * @return mixed
      */
     public static function visible()

 <?php namespace BookStack;
 
 
-class Permission extends Model
+class RolePermission extends Model
 {
     /**
      * The roles that belong to the permission.
      */
     public function roles()
     {
-        return $this->belongsToMany('BookStack\Role');
+        return $this->belongsToMany(Role::class, 'permission_role','permission_id', 'role_id');
     }
 
     /**

@@ -8,17 +8,17 @@ class ActivityService
 {
     protected $activity;
     protected $user;
-    protected $restrictionService;
+    protected $permissionService;
 
     /**
      * ActivityService constructor.
      * @param Activity $activity
-     * @param RestrictionService $restrictionService
+     * @param PermissionService $permissionService
      */
-    public function __construct(Activity $activity, RestrictionService $restrictionService)
+    public function __construct(Activity $activity, PermissionService $permissionService)
     {
         $this->activity = $activity;
-        $this->restrictionService = $restrictionService;
+        $this->permissionService = $permissionService;
         $this->user = auth()->user();
     }
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class ActivityService
      */
     public function latest($count = 20, $page = 0)
     {
-        $activityList = $this->restrictionService
+        $activityList = $this->permissionService
             ->filterRestrictedEntityRelations($this->activity, 'activities', 'entity_id', 'entity_type')
             ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')->skip($count * $page)->take($count)->get();
 
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class ActivityService
                 ->where('entity_id', '=', $entity->id);
         }
         
-        $activity = $this->restrictionService
+        $activity = $this->permissionService
             ->filterRestrictedEntityRelations($query, 'activities', 'entity_id', 'entity_type')
             ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')->skip($count * $page)->take($count)->get();
 
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ class ActivityService
      */
     public function userActivity($user, $count = 20, $page = 0)
     {
-        $activityList = $this->restrictionService
+        $activityList = $this->permissionService
             ->filterRestrictedEntityRelations($this->activity, 'activities', 'entity_id', 'entity_type')
             ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')->where('user_id', '=', $user->id)->skip($count * $page)->take($count)->get();
         return $this->filterSimilar($activityList);

@@ -8,18 +8,18 @@ class ViewService
 
     protected $view;
     protected $user;
-    protected $restrictionService;
+    protected $permissionService;
 
     /**
      * ViewService constructor.
      * @param View $view
-     * @param RestrictionService $restrictionService
+     * @param PermissionService $permissionService
      */
-    public function __construct(View $view, RestrictionService $restrictionService)
+    public function __construct(View $view, PermissionService $permissionService)
     {
         $this->view = $view;
         $this->user = auth()->user();
-        $this->restrictionService = $restrictionService;
+        $this->permissionService = $permissionService;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class ViewService
     public function getPopular($count = 10, $page = 0, $filterModel = false)
     {
         $skipCount = $count * $page;
-        $query = $this->restrictionService->filterRestrictedEntityRelations($this->view, 'views', 'viewable_id', 'viewable_type')
+        $query = $this->permissionService->filterRestrictedEntityRelations($this->view, 'views', 'viewable_id', 'viewable_type')
             ->select('*', 'viewable_id', 'viewable_type', \DB::raw('SUM(views) as view_count'))
             ->groupBy('viewable_id', 'viewable_type')
             ->orderBy('view_count', 'desc');
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class ViewService
     {
         if ($this->user === null) return collect();
 
-        $query = $this->restrictionService
+        $query = $this->permissionService
             ->filterRestrictedEntityRelations($this->view, 'views', 'viewable_id', 'viewable_type');
 
         if ($filterModel) $query = $query->where('viewable_type', '=', get_class($filterModel));

@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@ class SocialAccount extends Model
 
     public function user()
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo('BookStack\User');
+        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
     }
 }

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class User extends Model implements AuthenticatableContract, CanResetPasswordCon
      */
     public function roles()
     {
-        return $this->belongsToMany('BookStack\Role');
+        return $this->belongsToMany(Role::class);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ class User extends Model implements AuthenticatableContract, CanResetPasswordCon
      */
     public function socialAccounts()
     {
-        return $this->hasMany('BookStack\SocialAccount');
+        return $this->hasMany(SocialAccount::class);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class User extends Model implements AuthenticatableContract, CanResetPasswordCon
      */
     public function avatar()
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo('BookStack\Image', 'image_id');
+        return $this->belongsTo(Image::class, 'image_id');
     }
 
     /**

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ if (!function_exists('versioned_asset')) {
 
 /**
  * Check if the current user has a permission.
- * If an ownable element is passed in the permissions are checked against
+ * If an ownable element is passed in the jointPermissions are checked against
  * that particular item.
  * @param $permission
  * @param \BookStack\Ownable $ownable
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ function userCan($permission, \BookStack\Ownable $ownable = null)
     }
 
     // Check permission on ownable item
-    $restrictionService = app('BookStack\Services\RestrictionService');
-    return $restrictionService->checkEntityUserAccess($ownable, $permission);
+    $permissionService = app('BookStack\Services\PermissionService');
+    return $permissionService->checkEntityUserAccess($ownable, $permission);
 }
 
 /**

@@ -21,10 +21,13 @@ class CreateUsersTable extends Migration
             $table->nullableTimestamps();
         });
 
-        \BookStack\User::forceCreate([
+        // Create the initial admin user
+        DB::table('users')->insert([
             'name' => 'Admin',
             'email' => 'admin@admin.com',
-            'password' => bcrypt('password')
+            'password' => bcrypt('password'),
+            'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
+            'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
         ]);
     }
 

@@ -68,35 +68,44 @@ class AddRolesAndPermissions extends Migration
 
 
         // Create default roles
-        $admin = new \BookStack\Role();
-        $admin->name = 'admin';
-        $admin->display_name = 'Admin';
-        $admin->description = 'Administrator of the whole application';
-        $admin->save();
-
-        $editor = new \BookStack\Role();
-        $editor->name = 'editor';
-        $editor->display_name = 'Editor';
-        $editor->description = 'User can edit Books, Chapters & Pages';
-        $editor->save();
-
-        $viewer = new \BookStack\Role();
-        $viewer->name = 'viewer';
-        $viewer->display_name = 'Viewer';
-        $viewer->description = 'User can view books & their content behind authentication';
-        $viewer->save();
+        $adminId = DB::table('roles')->insertGetId([
+            'name' => 'admin',
+            'display_name' => 'Admin',
+            'description' => 'Administrator of the whole application',
+            'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
+            'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
+        ]);
+        $editorId = DB::table('roles')->insertGetId([
+            'name' => 'editor',
+            'display_name' => 'Editor',
+            'description' => 'User can edit Books, Chapters & Pages',
+            'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
+            'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
+        ]);
+        $viewerId = DB::table('roles')->insertGetId([
+            'name' => 'viewer',
+            'display_name' => 'Viewer',
+            'description' => 'User can view books & their content behind authentication',
+            'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
+            'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
+        ]);
+
 
         // Create default CRUD permissions and allocate to admins and editors
         $entities = ['Book', 'Page', 'Chapter', 'Image'];
         $ops = ['Create', 'Update', 'Delete'];
         foreach ($entities as $entity) {
             foreach ($ops as $op) {
-                $newPermission = new \BookStack\Permission();
-                $newPermission->name = strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower($op);
-                $newPermission->display_name = $op . ' ' . $entity . 's';
-                $newPermission->save();
-                $admin->attachPermission($newPermission);
-                $editor->attachPermission($newPermission);
+                $newPermId = DB::table('permissions')->insertGetId([
+                    'name' => strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower($op),
+                    'display_name' => $op . ' ' . $entity . 's',
+                    'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
+                    'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
+                ]);
+                DB::table('permission_role')->insert([
+                    ['permission_id' => $newPermId, 'role_id' => $adminId],
+                    ['permission_id' => $newPermId, 'role_id' => $editorId]
+                ]);
             }
         }
 
@@ -105,19 +114,27 @@ class AddRolesAndPermissions extends Migration
         $ops = ['Create', 'Update', 'Delete'];
         foreach ($entities as $entity) {
             foreach ($ops as $op) {
-                $newPermission = new \BookStack\Permission();
-                $newPermission->name = strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower($op);
-                $newPermission->display_name = $op . ' ' . $entity;
-                $newPermission->save();
-                $admin->attachPermission($newPermission);
+                $newPermId = DB::table('permissions')->insertGetId([
+                    'name' => strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower($op),
+                    'display_name' => $op . ' ' . $entity,
+                    'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
+                    'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
+                ]);
+                DB::table('permission_role')->insert([
+                    'permission_id' => $newPermId,
+                    'role_id' => $adminId
+                ]);
             }
         }
 
         // Set all current users as admins
         // (At this point only the initially create user should be an admin)
-        $users = \BookStack\User::all();
+        $users = DB::table('users')->get();
         foreach ($users as $user) {
-            $user->attachRole($admin);
+            DB::table('role_user')->insert([
+                'role_id' => $adminId,
+                'user_id' => $user->id
+            ]);
         }
 
     }

@@ -13,29 +13,31 @@ class UpdatePermissionsAndRoles extends Migration
     public function up()
     {
         // Get roles with permissions we need to change
-        $adminRole = \BookStack\Role::getRole('admin');
-        $editorRole = \BookStack\Role::getRole('editor');
+        $adminRoleId = DB::table('roles')->where('name', '=', 'admin')->first()->id;
+        $editorRole = DB::table('roles')->where('name', '=', 'editor')->first();
 
         // Delete old permissions
-        $permissions = \BookStack\Permission::all();
-        $permissions->each(function ($permission) {
-            $permission->delete();
-        });
+        $permissions = DB::table('permissions')->delete();
 
         // Create & attach new admin permissions
         $permissionsToCreate = [
             'settings-manage' => 'Manage Settings',
             'users-manage' => 'Manage Users',
             'user-roles-manage' => 'Manage Roles & Permissions',
-            'restrictions-manage-all' => 'Manage All Entity Restrictions',
-            'restrictions-manage-own' => 'Manage Entity Restrictions On Own Content'
+            'restrictions-manage-all' => 'Manage All Entity Permissions',
+            'restrictions-manage-own' => 'Manage Entity Permissions On Own Content'
         ];
         foreach ($permissionsToCreate as $name => $displayName) {
-            $newPermission = new \BookStack\Permission();
-            $newPermission->name = $name;
-            $newPermission->display_name = $displayName;
-            $newPermission->save();
-            $adminRole->attachPermission($newPermission);
+            $permissionId = DB::table('permissions')->insertGetId([
+                'name' => $name,
+                'display_name' => $displayName,
+                'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
+                'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
+            ]);
+            DB::table('permission_role')->insert([
+                'role_id' => $adminRoleId,
+                'permission_id' => $permissionId
+            ]);
         }
 
         // Create & attach new entity permissions
@@ -43,12 +45,22 @@ class UpdatePermissionsAndRoles extends Migration
         $ops = ['Create All', 'Create Own', 'Update All', 'Update Own', 'Delete All', 'Delete Own'];
         foreach ($entities as $entity) {
             foreach ($ops as $op) {
-                $newPermission = new \BookStack\Permission();
-                $newPermission->name = strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower(str_replace(' ', '-', $op));
-                $newPermission->display_name = $op . ' ' . $entity . 's';
-                $newPermission->save();
-                $adminRole->attachPermission($newPermission);
-                if ($editorRole !== null) $editorRole->attachPermission($newPermission);
+                $permissionId = DB::table('permissions')->insertGetId([
+                    'name' => strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower(str_replace(' ', '-', $op)),
+                    'display_name' => $op . ' ' . $entity . 's',
+                    'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
+                    'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
+                ]);
+                DB::table('permission_role')->insert([
+                    'role_id' => $adminRoleId,
+                    'permission_id' => $permissionId
+                ]);
+                if ($editorRole !== null) {
+                    DB::table('permission_role')->insert([
+                        'role_id' => $editorRole->id,
+                        'permission_id' => $permissionId
+                    ]);
+                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -62,24 +74,26 @@ class UpdatePermissionsAndRoles extends Migration
     public function down()
     {
         // Get roles with permissions we need to change
-        $adminRole = \BookStack\Role::getRole('admin');
+        $adminRoleId = DB::table('roles')->where('name', '=', 'admin')->first()->id;
 
         // Delete old permissions
-        $permissions = \BookStack\Permission::all();
-        $permissions->each(function ($permission) {
-            $permission->delete();
-        });
+        $permissions = DB::table('permissions')->delete();
 
         // Create default CRUD permissions and allocate to admins and editors
         $entities = ['Book', 'Page', 'Chapter', 'Image'];
         $ops = ['Create', 'Update', 'Delete'];
         foreach ($entities as $entity) {
             foreach ($ops as $op) {
-                $newPermission = new \BookStack\Permission();
-                $newPermission->name = strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower($op);
-                $newPermission->display_name = $op . ' ' . $entity . 's';
-                $newPermission->save();
-                $adminRole->attachPermission($newPermission);
+                $permissionId = DB::table('permissions')->insertGetId([
+                    'name' => strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower($op),
+                    'display_name' => $op . ' ' . $entity . 's',
+                    'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
+                    'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
+                ]);
+                DB::table('permission_role')->insert([
+                    'role_id' => $adminRoleId,
+                    'permission_id' => $permissionId
+                ]);
             }
         }
 
@@ -88,11 +102,16 @@ class UpdatePermissionsAndRoles extends Migration
         $ops = ['Create', 'Update', 'Delete'];
         foreach ($entities as $entity) {
             foreach ($ops as $op) {
-                $newPermission = new \BookStack\Permission();
-                $newPermission->name = strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower($op);
-                $newPermission->display_name = $op . ' ' . $entity;
-                $newPermission->save();
-                $adminRole->attachPermission($newPermission);
+                $permissionId = DB::table('permissions')->insertGetId([
+                    'name' => strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower($op),
+                    'display_name' => $op . ' ' . $entity,
+                    'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
+                    'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
+                ]);
+                DB::table('permission_role')->insert([
+                    'role_id' => $adminRoleId,
+                    'permission_id' => $permissionId
+                ]);
             }
         }
     }

@@ -12,20 +12,25 @@ class AddViewPermissionsToRoles extends Migration
      */
     public function up()
     {
-        $currentRoles = \BookStack\Role::all();
+        $currentRoles = DB::table('roles')->get();
 
-        // Create new view permissions
+        // Create new view permission
         $entities = ['Book', 'Page', 'Chapter'];
         $ops = ['View All', 'View Own'];
         foreach ($entities as $entity) {
             foreach ($ops as $op) {
-                $newPermission = new \BookStack\Permission();
-                $newPermission->name = strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower(str_replace(' ', '-', $op));
-                $newPermission->display_name = $op . ' ' . $entity . 's';
-                $newPermission->save();
-                // Assign view permissions to all current roles
+                $permId = DB::table('permissions')->insertGetId([
+                    'name' => strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower(str_replace(' ', '-', $op)),
+                    'display_name' => $op . ' ' . $entity . 's',
+                    'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
+                    'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
+                ]);
+                // Assign view permission to all current roles
                 foreach ($currentRoles as $role) {
-                    $role->attachPermission($newPermission);
+                    DB::table('permission_role')->insert([
+                        'role_id' => $role->id,
+                        'permission_id' => $permId
+                    ]);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -38,17 +43,15 @@ class AddViewPermissionsToRoles extends Migration
      */
     public function down()
     {
-        // Delete the new view permissions
+        // Delete the new view permission
         $entities = ['Book', 'Page', 'Chapter'];
         $ops = ['View All', 'View Own'];
         foreach ($entities as $entity) {
             foreach ($ops as $op) {
                 $permissionName = strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower(str_replace(' ', '-', $op));
-                $newPermission = \BookStack\Permission::where('name', '=', $permissionName)->first();
-                foreach ($newPermission->roles as $role) {
-                    $role->detachPermission($newPermission);
-                }
-                $newPermission->delete();
+                $permission = DB::table('permissions')->where('name', '=', $permissionName)->first();
+                DB::table('permission_role')->where('permission_id', '=', $permission->id)->delete();
+                DB::table('permissions')->where('name', '=', $permissionName)->delete();
             }
         }
     }

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
 use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
 
-class CreateEntityPermissionsTable extends Migration
+class CreateJointPermissionsTable extends Migration
 {
     /**
      * Run the migrations.
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class CreateEntityPermissionsTable extends Migration
      */
     public function up()
     {
-        Schema::create('entity_permissions', function (Blueprint $table) {
+        Schema::create('joint_permissions', function (Blueprint $table) {
             $table->increments('id');
             $table->integer('role_id');
             $table->string('entity_type');
@@ -37,18 +37,25 @@ class CreateEntityPermissionsTable extends Migration
             $table->index('system_name');
         });
 
+        Schema::rename('permissions', 'role_permissions');
+        Schema::rename('restrictions', 'entity_permissions');
+
         // Create the new public role
-        $publicRole = new \BookStack\Role();
-        $publicRole->name = 'public';
-        $publicRole->display_name = 'Public';
-        $publicRole->description = 'The role given to public visitors if allowed';
-        $publicRole->system_name = 'public';
-        $publicRole->hidden = true;
+        $publicRoleData = [
+            'name' => 'public',
+            'display_name' => 'Public',
+            'description' => 'The role given to public visitors if allowed',
+            'system_name' => 'public',
+            'hidden' => true,
+            'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
+            'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
+        ];
+
         // Ensure unique name
-        while (\BookStack\Role::getRole($publicRole->name) !== null) {
-            $publicRole->name = $publicRole->name . str_random(2);
+        while (DB::table('roles')->where('name', '=', $publicRoleData['display_name'])->count() > 0) {
+            $publicRoleData['display_name'] = $publicRoleData['display_name'] . str_random(2);
         }
-        $publicRole->save();
+        $publicRoleId = DB::table('roles')->insertGetId($publicRoleData);
 
         // Add new view permissions to public role
         $entities = ['Book', 'Page', 'Chapter'];
@@ -56,20 +63,21 @@ class CreateEntityPermissionsTable extends Migration
         foreach ($entities as $entity) {
             foreach ($ops as $op) {
                 $name = strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower(str_replace(' ', '-', $op));
-                $permission = \BookStack\Permission::getByName($name);
-                // Assign view permissions to public
-                $publicRole->attachPermission($permission);
+                $permission = DB::table('role_permissions')->where('name', '=', $name)->first();
+                // Assign view permission to public
+                DB::table('permission_role')->insert([
+                    'permission_id' => $permission->id,
+                    'role_id' => $publicRoleId
+                ]);
             }
         }
 
         // Update admin role with system name
-        $admin = \BookStack\Role::getRole('admin');
-        $admin->system_name = 'admin';
-        $admin->save();
+        DB::table('roles')->where('name', '=', 'admin')->update(['system_name' => 'admin']);
 
-        // Generate the new entity permissions
-        $restrictionService = app(\BookStack\Services\RestrictionService::class);
-        $restrictionService->buildEntityPermissions();
+        // Generate the new entity jointPermissions
+        $restrictionService = app(\BookStack\Services\PermissionService::class);
+        $restrictionService->buildJointPermissions();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -79,11 +87,13 @@ class CreateEntityPermissionsTable extends Migration
      */
     public function down()
     {
-        Schema::drop('entity_permissions');
+        Schema::drop('joint_permissions');
+
+        Schema::rename('role_permissions', 'permissions');
+        Schema::rename('entity_permissions', 'restrictions');
 
         // Delete the public role
-        $public = \BookStack\Role::getSystemRole('public');
-        $public->delete();
+        DB::table('roles')->where('system_name', '=', 'public')->delete();
 
         Schema::table('roles', function (Blueprint $table) {
             $table->dropColumn('system_name');

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class DummyContentSeeder extends Seeder
                 $book->pages()->saveMany($pages);
             });
 
-        $restrictionService = app(\BookStack\Services\RestrictionService::class);
-        $restrictionService->buildEntityPermissions();
+        $restrictionService = app(\BookStack\Services\PermissionService::class);
+        $restrictionService->buildJointPermissions();
     }
 }

 <input type="checkbox" name="permissions[{{ $permission }}]"
-       @if(old('permissions.'.$permission, false)|| (!old('display_name', false) && (isset($role) && $role->hasPermission($permission)))) checked="checked" @endif
+       @if(old('permissions'.$permission, false)|| (!old('display_name', false) && (isset($role) && $role->hasPermission($permission)))) checked="checked" @endif
        value="true">
\ No newline at end of file

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
                 <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'users-manage']) Manage users</label>
                 <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'user-roles-manage']) Manage roles & role permissions</label>
                 <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'restrictions-manage-all']) Manage all Book, Chapter & Page permissions</label>
-                <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'restrictions-manage-own']) Manage permissions on own Book, Chapter & Pages</label>
+                <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'permissions']) Manage permissions on own Book, Chapter & Pages</label>
                 <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'settings-manage']) Manage app settings</label>
             </div>
 

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class RestrictionsTest extends TestCase
         parent::setUp();
         $this->user = $this->getNewUser();
         $this->viewer = $this->getViewer();
-        $this->restrictionService = $this->app[\BookStack\Services\RestrictionService::class];
+        $this->restrictionService = $this->app[\BookStack\Services\PermissionService::class];
     }
 
     protected function getViewer()
@@ -23,30 +23,30 @@ class RestrictionsTest extends TestCase
     }
 
     /**
-     * Manually set some restrictions on an entity.
+     * Manually set some permissions on an entity.
      * @param \BookStack\Entity $entity
      * @param $actions
      */
     protected function setEntityRestrictions(\BookStack\Entity $entity, $actions)
     {
         $entity->restricted = true;
-        $entity->restrictions()->delete();
+        $entity->permissions()->delete();
         $role = $this->user->roles->first();
         $viewerRole = $this->viewer->roles->first();
         foreach ($actions as $action) {
-            $entity->restrictions()->create([
+            $entity->permissions()->create([
                 'role_id' => $role->id,
                 'action' => strtolower($action)
             ]);
-            $entity->restrictions()->create([
+            $entity->permissions()->create([
                 'role_id' => $viewerRole->id,
                 'action' => strtolower($action)
             ]);
         }
         $entity->save();
-        $entity->load('restrictions');
-        $this->restrictionService->buildEntityPermissionsForEntity($entity);
         $entity->load('permissions');
+        $this->restrictionService->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($entity);
+        $entity->load('jointPermissions');
     }
 
     public function test_book_view_restriction()
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ class RestrictionsTest extends TestCase
             ->check('restrictions[2][view]')
             ->press('Save Permissions')
             ->seeInDatabase('books', ['id' => $book->id, 'restricted' => true])
-            ->seeInDatabase('restrictions', [
+            ->seeInDatabase('entity_permissions', [
                 'restrictable_id' => $book->id,
                 'restrictable_type' => 'BookStack\Book',
                 'role_id' => '2',
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ class RestrictionsTest extends TestCase
             ->check('restrictions[2][update]')
             ->press('Save Permissions')
             ->seeInDatabase('chapters', ['id' => $chapter->id, 'restricted' => true])
-            ->seeInDatabase('restrictions', [
+            ->seeInDatabase('entity_permissions', [
                 'restrictable_id' => $chapter->id,
                 'restrictable_type' => 'BookStack\Chapter',
                 'role_id' => '2',
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ class RestrictionsTest extends TestCase
             ->check('restrictions[2][delete]')
             ->press('Save Permissions')
             ->seeInDatabase('pages', ['id' => $page->id, 'restricted' => true])
-            ->seeInDatabase('restrictions', [
+            ->seeInDatabase('entity_permissions', [
                 'restrictable_id' => $page->id,
                 'restrictable_type' => 'BookStack\Page',
                 'role_id' => '2',

@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ class TestCase extends Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\TestCase
         $page = factory(BookStack\Page::class)->create(['created_by' => $creatorUser->id, 'updated_by' => $updaterUser->id, 'book_id' => $book->id]);
         $book->chapters()->saveMany([$chapter]);
         $chapter->pages()->saveMany([$page]);
-        $restrictionService = $this->app[\BookStack\Services\RestrictionService::class];
-        $restrictionService->buildEntityPermissionsForEntity($book);
+        $restrictionService = $this->app[\BookStack\Services\PermissionService::class];
+        $restrictionService->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($book);
         return [
             'book' => $book,
             'chapter' => $chapter,