Merge pull request #103 from ssddanbrown/add_role_view_permissions

Overhauled permission system and stripped migrations of most app code to reduce future breakages. Closes #101.

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 
 
 namespace BookStack;
 namespace BookStack;
 
 
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
-
 /**
 /**
  * @property string  key
  * @property string  key
  * @property \User   user
  * @property \User   user
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ class Activity extends Model
      */
      */
     public function user()
     public function user()
     {
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo('BookStack\User');
+        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**

-<?php
-
-namespace BookStack;
+<?php namespace BookStack;
 
 
 class Book extends Entity
 class Book extends Entity
 {
 {
 
 
     protected $fillable = ['name', 'description'];
     protected $fillable = ['name', 'description'];
 
 
+    /**
+     * Get the url for this book.
+     * @return string
+     */
     public function getUrl()
     public function getUrl()
     {
     {
         return '/books/' . $this->slug;
         return '/books/' . $this->slug;
     }
     }
 
 
+    /*
+     * Get the edit url for this book.
+     * @return string
+     */
     public function getEditUrl()
     public function getEditUrl()
     {
     {
         return $this->getUrl() . '/edit';
         return $this->getUrl() . '/edit';
     }
     }
 
 
+    /**
+     * Get all pages within this book.
+     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany
+     */
     public function pages()
     public function pages()
     {
     {
-        return $this->hasMany('BookStack\Page');
+        return $this->hasMany(Page::class);
     }
     }
 
 
+    /**
+     * Get all chapters within this book.
+     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany
+     */
     public function chapters()
     public function chapters()
     {
     {
-        return $this->hasMany('BookStack\Chapter');
+        return $this->hasMany(Chapter::class);
     }
     }
 
 
+    /**
+     * Get an excerpt of this book's description to the specified length or less.
+     * @param int $length
+     * @return string
+     */
     public function getExcerpt($length = 100)
     public function getExcerpt($length = 100)
     {
     {
-        return strlen($this->description) > $length ? substr($this->description, 0, $length-3) . '...' : $this->description;
+        $description = $this->description;
+        return strlen($description) > $length ? substr($description, 0, $length-3) . '...' : $description;
     }
     }
 
 
 }
 }

@@ -5,25 +5,43 @@ class Chapter extends Entity
 {
 {
     protected $fillable = ['name', 'description', 'priority', 'book_id'];
     protected $fillable = ['name', 'description', 'priority', 'book_id'];
 
 
+    /**
+     * Get the book this chapter is within.
+     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo
+     */
     public function book()
     public function book()
     {
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo('BookStack\Book');
+        return $this->belongsTo(Book::class);
     }
     }
 
 
+    /**
+     * Get the pages that this chapter contains.
+     * @return mixed
+     */
     public function pages()
     public function pages()
     {
     {
-        return $this->hasMany('BookStack\Page')->orderBy('priority', 'ASC');
+        return $this->hasMany(Page::class)->orderBy('priority', 'ASC');
     }
     }
 
 
+    /**
+     * Get the url of this chapter.
+     * @return string
+     */
     public function getUrl()
     public function getUrl()
     {
     {
         $bookSlug = $this->getAttribute('bookSlug') ? $this->getAttribute('bookSlug') : $this->book->slug;
         $bookSlug = $this->getAttribute('bookSlug') ? $this->getAttribute('bookSlug') : $this->book->slug;
         return '/books/' . $bookSlug. '/chapter/' . $this->slug;
         return '/books/' . $bookSlug. '/chapter/' . $this->slug;
     }
     }
 
 
+    /**
+     * Get an excerpt of this chapter's description to the specified length or less.
+     * @param int $length
+     * @return string
+     */
     public function getExcerpt($length = 100)
     public function getExcerpt($length = 100)
     {
     {
-        return strlen($this->description) > $length ? substr($this->description, 0, $length-3) . '...' : $this->description;
+        $description = $this->description;
+        return strlen($description) > $length ? substr($description, 0, $length-3) . '...' : $description;
     }
     }
 
 
 }
 }

+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Console\Commands;
+
+use BookStack\Services\PermissionService;
+use Illuminate\Console\Command;
+
+class RegeneratePermissions extends Command
+{
+    /**
+     * The name and signature of the console command.
+     *
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $signature = 'permissions:regen';
+
+    /**
+     * The console command description.
+     *
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $description = 'Regenerate all system permissions';
+
+    /**
+     * The service to handle the permission system.
+     *
+     * @var PermissionService
+     */
+    protected $permissionService;
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new command instance.
+     *
+     * @param PermissionService $permissionService
+     */
+    public function __construct(PermissionService $permissionService)
+    {
+        $this->permissionService = $permissionService;
+        parent::__construct();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Execute the console command.
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function handle()
+    {
+        $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissions();
+    }
+}

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ class Kernel extends ConsoleKernel
     protected $commands = [
     protected $commands = [
         \BookStack\Console\Commands\Inspire::class,
         \BookStack\Console\Commands\Inspire::class,
         \BookStack\Console\Commands\ResetViews::class,
         \BookStack\Console\Commands\ResetViews::class,
+        \BookStack\Console\Commands\RegeneratePermissions::class,
     ];
     ];
 
 
     /**
     /**

-<?php
-
-namespace BookStack;
-
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+<?php namespace BookStack;
 
 
 class EmailConfirmation extends Model
 class EmailConfirmation extends Model
 {
 {
     protected $fillable = ['user_id', 'token'];
     protected $fillable = ['user_id', 'token'];
 
 
+    /**
+     * Get the user that this confirmation is attached to.
+     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo
+     */
     public function user()
     public function user()
     {
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo('BookStack\User');
+        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
     }
     }
+    
 }
 }

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ abstract class Entity extends Ownable
      */
      */
     public function activity()
     public function activity()
     {
     {
-        return $this->morphMany('BookStack\Activity', 'entity')->orderBy('created_at', 'desc');
+        return $this->morphMany(Activity::class, 'entity')->orderBy('created_at', 'desc');
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
@@ -51,15 +51,15 @@ abstract class Entity extends Ownable
      */
      */
     public function views()
     public function views()
     {
     {
-        return $this->morphMany('BookStack\View', 'viewable');
+        return $this->morphMany(View::class, 'viewable');
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
      * Get this entities restrictions.
      * Get this entities restrictions.
      */
      */
-    public function restrictions()
+    public function permissions()
     {
     {
-        return $this->morphMany('BookStack\Restriction', 'restrictable');
+        return $this->morphMany(EntityPermission::class, 'restrictable');
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
@@ -70,7 +70,28 @@ abstract class Entity extends Ownable
      */
      */
     public function hasRestriction($role_id, $action)
     public function hasRestriction($role_id, $action)
     {
     {
-        return $this->restrictions->where('role_id', $role_id)->where('action', $action)->count() > 0;
+        return $this->permissions()->where('role_id', '=', $role_id)
+            ->where('action', '=', $action)->count() > 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if this entity has live (active) restrictions in place.
+     * @param $role_id
+     * @param $action
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function hasActiveRestriction($role_id, $action)
+    {
+        return $this->getRawAttribute('restricted') && $this->hasRestriction($role_id, $action);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the entity jointPermissions this is connected to.
+     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphMany
+     */
+    public function jointPermissions()
+    {
+        return $this->morphMany(JointPermission::class, 'entity');
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
@@ -81,7 +102,16 @@ abstract class Entity extends Ownable
      */
      */
     public static function isA($type)
     public static function isA($type)
     {
     {
-        return static::getClassName() === strtolower($type);
+        return static::getType() === strtolower($type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get entity type.
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public static function getType()
+    {
+        return strtolower(static::getClassName());
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**

-<?php
+<?php namespace BookStack;
 
 
-namespace BookStack;
 
 
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
-
-class Restriction extends Model
+class EntityPermission extends Model
 {
 {
 
 
     protected $fillable = ['role_id', 'action'];
     protected $fillable = ['role_id', 'action'];
@@ -16,6 +13,6 @@ class Restriction extends Model
      */
      */
     public function restrictable()
     public function restrictable()
     {
     {
-        return $this->morphTo();
+        return $this->morphTo('restrictable');
     }
     }
 }
 }

@@ -71,11 +71,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
             'name' => 'required|string|max:255',
             'name' => 'required|string|max:255',
             'description' => 'string|max:1000'
             'description' => 'string|max:1000'
         ]);
         ]);
-        $book = $this->bookRepo->newFromInput($request->all());
-        $book->slug = $this->bookRepo->findSuitableSlug($book->name);
-        $book->created_by = Auth::user()->id;
-        $book->updated_by = Auth::user()->id;
-        $book->save();
+        $book = $this->bookRepo->createFromInput($request->all());
         Activity::add($book, 'book_create', $book->id);
         Activity::add($book, 'book_create', $book->id);
         return redirect($book->getUrl());
         return redirect($book->getUrl());
     }
     }
@@ -88,6 +84,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
     public function show($slug)
     public function show($slug)
     {
     {
         $book = $this->bookRepo->getBySlug($slug);
         $book = $this->bookRepo->getBySlug($slug);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission('book-view', $book);
         $bookChildren = $this->bookRepo->getChildren($book);
         $bookChildren = $this->bookRepo->getChildren($book);
         Views::add($book);
         Views::add($book);
         $this->setPageTitle($book->getShortName());
         $this->setPageTitle($book->getShortName());
@@ -121,10 +118,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
             'name' => 'required|string|max:255',
             'name' => 'required|string|max:255',
             'description' => 'string|max:1000'
             'description' => 'string|max:1000'
         ]);
         ]);
-        $book->fill($request->all());
-        $book->slug = $this->bookRepo->findSuitableSlug($book->name, $book->id);
-        $book->updated_by = Auth::user()->id;
-        $book->save();
+        $book = $this->bookRepo->updateFromInput($book, $request->all());
         Activity::add($book, 'book_update', $book->id);
         Activity::add($book, 'book_update', $book->id);
         return redirect($book->getUrl());
         return redirect($book->getUrl());
     }
     }
@@ -209,6 +203,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
         // Add activity for books
         // Add activity for books
         foreach ($sortedBooks as $bookId) {
         foreach ($sortedBooks as $bookId) {
             $updatedBook = $this->bookRepo->getById($bookId);
             $updatedBook = $this->bookRepo->getById($bookId);
+            $this->bookRepo->updateBookPermissions($updatedBook);
             Activity::add($updatedBook, 'book_sort', $updatedBook->id);
             Activity::add($updatedBook, 'book_sort', $updatedBook->id);
         }
         }
 
 
@@ -226,7 +221,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
         $this->checkOwnablePermission('book-delete', $book);
         $this->checkOwnablePermission('book-delete', $book);
         Activity::addMessage('book_delete', 0, $book->name);
         Activity::addMessage('book_delete', 0, $book->name);
         Activity::removeEntity($book);
         Activity::removeEntity($book);
-        $this->bookRepo->destroyBySlug($bookSlug);
+        $this->bookRepo->destroy($book);
         return redirect('/books');
         return redirect('/books');
     }
     }
 
 
@@ -257,7 +252,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
     {
     {
         $book = $this->bookRepo->getBySlug($bookSlug);
         $book = $this->bookRepo->getBySlug($bookSlug);
         $this->checkOwnablePermission('restrictions-manage', $book);
         $this->checkOwnablePermission('restrictions-manage', $book);
-        $this->bookRepo->updateRestrictionsFromRequest($request, $book);
+        $this->bookRepo->updateEntityPermissionsFromRequest($request, $book);
         session()->flash('success', 'Book Restrictions Updated');
         session()->flash('success', 'Book Restrictions Updated');
         return redirect($book->getUrl());
         return redirect($book->getUrl());
     }
     }

@@ -57,12 +57,9 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
         $book = $this->bookRepo->getBySlug($bookSlug);
         $book = $this->bookRepo->getBySlug($bookSlug);
         $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-create', $book);
         $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-create', $book);
 
 
-        $chapter = $this->chapterRepo->newFromInput($request->all());
-        $chapter->slug = $this->chapterRepo->findSuitableSlug($chapter->name, $book->id);
-        $chapter->priority = $this->bookRepo->getNewPriority($book);
-        $chapter->created_by = auth()->user()->id;
-        $chapter->updated_by = auth()->user()->id;
-        $book->chapters()->save($chapter);
+        $input = $request->all();
+        $input['priority'] = $this->bookRepo->getNewPriority($book);
+        $chapter = $this->chapterRepo->createFromInput($request->all(), $book);
         Activity::add($chapter, 'chapter_create', $book->id);
         Activity::add($chapter, 'chapter_create', $book->id);
         return redirect($chapter->getUrl());
         return redirect($chapter->getUrl());
     }
     }
@@ -77,6 +74,7 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
     {
     {
         $book = $this->bookRepo->getBySlug($bookSlug);
         $book = $this->bookRepo->getBySlug($bookSlug);
         $chapter = $this->chapterRepo->getBySlug($chapterSlug, $book->id);
         $chapter = $this->chapterRepo->getBySlug($chapterSlug, $book->id);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-view', $chapter);
         $sidebarTree = $this->bookRepo->getChildren($book);
         $sidebarTree = $this->bookRepo->getChildren($book);
         Views::add($chapter);
         Views::add($chapter);
         $this->setPageTitle($chapter->getShortName());
         $this->setPageTitle($chapter->getShortName());
@@ -186,7 +184,7 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
         $book = $this->bookRepo->getBySlug($bookSlug);
         $book = $this->bookRepo->getBySlug($bookSlug);
         $chapter = $this->chapterRepo->getBySlug($chapterSlug, $book->id);
         $chapter = $this->chapterRepo->getBySlug($chapterSlug, $book->id);
         $this->checkOwnablePermission('restrictions-manage', $chapter);
         $this->checkOwnablePermission('restrictions-manage', $chapter);
-        $this->chapterRepo->updateRestrictionsFromRequest($request, $chapter);
+        $this->chapterRepo->updateEntityPermissionsFromRequest($request, $chapter);
         session()->flash('success', 'Chapter Restrictions Updated');
         session()->flash('success', 'Chapter Restrictions Updated');
         return redirect($chapter->getUrl());
         return redirect($chapter->getUrl());
     }
     }

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
     {
     {
         $book = $this->bookRepo->getBySlug($bookSlug);
         $book = $this->bookRepo->getBySlug($bookSlug);
         $draft = $this->pageRepo->getById($pageId, true);
         $draft = $this->pageRepo->getById($pageId, true);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-create', $draft);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-create', $book);
         $this->setPageTitle('Edit Page Draft');
         $this->setPageTitle('Edit Page Draft');
 
 
         return view('pages/create', ['draft' => $draft, 'book' => $book]);
         return view('pages/create', ['draft' => $draft, 'book' => $book]);
@@ -128,6 +128,8 @@ class PageController extends Controller
             return redirect($page->getUrl());
             return redirect($page->getUrl());
         }
         }
 
 
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-view', $page);
+
         $sidebarTree = $this->bookRepo->getChildren($book);
         $sidebarTree = $this->bookRepo->getChildren($book);
         Views::add($page);
         Views::add($page);
         $this->setPageTitle($page->getShortName());
         $this->setPageTitle($page->getShortName());
@@ -449,7 +451,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
-     * Set the restrictions for this page.
+     * Set the permissions for this page.
      * @param $bookSlug
      * @param $bookSlug
      * @param $pageSlug
      * @param $pageSlug
      * @param Request $request
      * @param Request $request
@@ -460,8 +462,8 @@ class PageController extends Controller
         $book = $this->bookRepo->getBySlug($bookSlug);
         $book = $this->bookRepo->getBySlug($bookSlug);
         $page = $this->pageRepo->getBySlug($pageSlug, $book->id);
         $page = $this->pageRepo->getBySlug($pageSlug, $book->id);
         $this->checkOwnablePermission('restrictions-manage', $page);
         $this->checkOwnablePermission('restrictions-manage', $page);
-        $this->pageRepo->updateRestrictionsFromRequest($request, $page);
-        session()->flash('success', 'Page Restrictions Updated');
+        $this->pageRepo->updateEntityPermissionsFromRequest($request, $page);
+        session()->flash('success', 'Page Permissions Updated');
         return redirect($page->getUrl());
         return redirect($page->getUrl());
     }
     }
 
 

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 
 use BookStack\Exceptions\PermissionsException;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\PermissionsException;
 use BookStack\Repos\PermissionsRepo;
 use BookStack\Repos\PermissionsRepo;
+use BookStack\Services\PermissionService;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use BookStack\Http\Requests;
 use BookStack\Http\Requests;
 
 
@@ -62,11 +63,13 @@ class PermissionController extends Controller
      * Show the form for editing a user role.
      * Show the form for editing a user role.
      * @param $id
      * @param $id
      * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\View\Factory|\Illuminate\View\View
      * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\View\Factory|\Illuminate\View\View
+     * @throws PermissionsException
      */
      */
     public function editRole($id)
     public function editRole($id)
     {
     {
         $this->checkPermission('user-roles-manage');
         $this->checkPermission('user-roles-manage');
         $role = $this->permissionsRepo->getRoleById($id);
         $role = $this->permissionsRepo->getRoleById($id);
+        if ($role->hidden) throw new PermissionsException('This role cannot be edited');
         return view('settings/roles/edit', ['role' => $role]);
         return view('settings/roles/edit', ['role' => $role]);
     }
     }
 
 

@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ class UserController extends Controller
     {
     {
         $this->checkPermission('users-manage');
         $this->checkPermission('users-manage');
         $authMethod = config('auth.method');
         $authMethod = config('auth.method');
-        return view('users/create', ['authMethod' => $authMethod]);
+        $roles = $this->userRepo->getAssignableRoles();
+        return view('users/create', ['authMethod' => $authMethod, 'roles' => $roles]);
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
@@ -117,7 +118,8 @@ class UserController extends Controller
         $user = $this->user->findOrFail($id);
         $user = $this->user->findOrFail($id);
         $activeSocialDrivers = $socialAuthService->getActiveDrivers();
         $activeSocialDrivers = $socialAuthService->getActiveDrivers();
         $this->setPageTitle('User Profile');
         $this->setPageTitle('User Profile');
-        return view('users/edit', ['user' => $user, 'activeSocialDrivers' => $activeSocialDrivers, 'authMethod' => $authMethod]);
+        $roles = $this->userRepo->getAssignableRoles();
+        return view('users/edit', ['user' => $user, 'activeSocialDrivers' => $activeSocialDrivers, 'authMethod' => $authMethod, 'roles' => $roles]);
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**

+<?php namespace BookStack;
+
+class JointPermission extends Model
+{
+    public $timestamps = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Get the role that this points to.
+     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo
+     */
+    public function role()
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(Role::class);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the entity this points to.
+     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphOne
+     */
+    public function entity()
+    {
+        return $this->morphOne(Entity::class, 'entity');
+    }
+}

+<?php namespace BookStack;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model as EloquentModel;
+
+class Model extends EloquentModel
+{
+
+    /**
+     * Provides public access to get the raw attribute value from the model.
+     * Used in areas where no mutations are required but performance is critical.
+     * @param $key
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function getRawAttribute($key)
+    {
+        return parent::getAttributeFromArray($key);
+    }
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file

 <?php namespace BookStack;
 <?php namespace BookStack;
 
 
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 
 
 abstract class Ownable extends Model
 abstract class Ownable extends Model
 {
 {
@@ -10,7 +9,7 @@ abstract class Ownable extends Model
      */
      */
     public function createdBy()
     public function createdBy()
     {
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo('BookStack\User', 'created_by');
+        return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'created_by');
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ abstract class Ownable extends Model
      */
      */
     public function updatedBy()
     public function updatedBy()
     {
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo('BookStack\User', 'updated_by');
+        return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'updated_by');
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**

-<?php
+<?php namespace BookStack;
 
 
-namespace BookStack;
-
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 
 
 class Page extends Entity
 class Page extends Entity
 {
 {
@@ -10,6 +7,10 @@ class Page extends Entity
 
 
     protected $simpleAttributes = ['name', 'id', 'slug'];
     protected $simpleAttributes = ['name', 'id', 'slug'];
 
 
+    /**
+     * Converts this page into a simplified array.
+     * @return mixed
+     */
     public function toSimpleArray()
     public function toSimpleArray()
     {
     {
         $array = array_intersect_key($this->toArray(), array_flip($this->simpleAttributes));
         $array = array_intersect_key($this->toArray(), array_flip($this->simpleAttributes));
@@ -17,26 +18,46 @@ class Page extends Entity
         return $array;
         return $array;
     }
     }
 
 
+    /**
+     * Get the book this page sits in.
+     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo
+     */
     public function book()
     public function book()
     {
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo('BookStack\Book');
+        return $this->belongsTo(Book::class);
     }
     }
 
 
+    /**
+     * Get the chapter that this page is in, If applicable.
+     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo
+     */
     public function chapter()
     public function chapter()
     {
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo('BookStack\Chapter');
+        return $this->belongsTo(Chapter::class);
     }
     }
 
 
+    /**
+     * Check if this page has a chapter.
+     * @return bool
+     */
     public function hasChapter()
     public function hasChapter()
     {
     {
         return $this->chapter()->count() > 0;
         return $this->chapter()->count() > 0;
     }
     }
 
 
+    /**
+     * Get the associated page revisions, ordered by created date.
+     * @return mixed
+     */
     public function revisions()
     public function revisions()
     {
     {
-        return $this->hasMany('BookStack\PageRevision')->where('type', '=', 'version')->orderBy('created_at', 'desc');
+        return $this->hasMany(PageRevision::class)->where('type', '=', 'version')->orderBy('created_at', 'desc');
     }
     }
 
 
+    /**
+     * Get the url for this page.
+     * @return string
+     */
     public function getUrl()
     public function getUrl()
     {
     {
         $bookSlug = $this->getAttribute('bookSlug') ? $this->getAttribute('bookSlug') : $this->book->slug;
         $bookSlug = $this->getAttribute('bookSlug') ? $this->getAttribute('bookSlug') : $this->book->slug;
@@ -45,6 +66,11 @@ class Page extends Entity
         return '/books/' . $bookSlug . $midText . $idComponent;
         return '/books/' . $bookSlug . $midText . $idComponent;
     }
     }
 
 
+    /**
+     * Get an excerpt of this page's content to the specified length.
+     * @param int $length
+     * @return mixed
+     */
     public function getExcerpt($length = 100)
     public function getExcerpt($length = 100)
     {
     {
         $text = strlen($this->text) > $length ? substr($this->text, 0, $length-3) . '...' : $this->text;
         $text = strlen($this->text) > $length ? substr($this->text, 0, $length-3) . '...' : $this->text;

 <?php namespace BookStack;
 <?php namespace BookStack;
 
 
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 
 
 class PageRevision extends Model
 class PageRevision extends Model
 {
 {
@@ -12,7 +11,7 @@ class PageRevision extends Model
      */
      */
     public function createdBy()
     public function createdBy()
     {
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo('BookStack\User', 'created_by');
+        return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'created_by');
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
@@ -21,7 +20,7 @@ class PageRevision extends Model
      */
      */
     public function page()
     public function page()
     {
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo('BookStack\Page');
+        return $this->belongsTo(Page::class);
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 namespace BookStack\Providers;
 namespace BookStack\Providers;
 
 
 use Auth;
 use Auth;
+use BookStack\Services\LdapService;
 use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
 use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
 
 
 class AuthServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
 class AuthServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ class AuthServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
     public function register()
     public function register()
     {
     {
         Auth::provider('ldap', function($app, array $config) {
         Auth::provider('ldap', function($app, array $config) {
-            return new LdapUserProvider($config['model'], $app['BookStack\Services\LdapService']);
+            return new LdapUserProvider($config['model'], $app[LdapService::class]);
         });
         });
     }
     }
 }
 }

@@ -2,11 +2,18 @@
 
 
 namespace BookStack\Providers;
 namespace BookStack\Providers;
 
 
+use BookStack\Activity;
 use BookStack\Services\ImageService;
 use BookStack\Services\ImageService;
+use BookStack\Services\PermissionService;
 use BookStack\Services\ViewService;
 use BookStack\Services\ViewService;
+use BookStack\Setting;
+use BookStack\View;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Cache\Repository;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Filesystem\Factory;
 use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
 use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
 use BookStack\Services\ActivityService;
 use BookStack\Services\ActivityService;
 use BookStack\Services\SettingService;
 use BookStack\Services\SettingService;
+use Intervention\Image\ImageManager;
 
 
 class CustomFacadeProvider extends ServiceProvider
 class CustomFacadeProvider extends ServiceProvider
 {
 {
@@ -29,30 +36,30 @@ class CustomFacadeProvider extends ServiceProvider
     {
     {
         $this->app->bind('activity', function() {
         $this->app->bind('activity', function() {
             return new ActivityService(
             return new ActivityService(
-                $this->app->make('BookStack\Activity'),
-                $this->app->make('BookStack\Services\RestrictionService')
+                $this->app->make(Activity::class),
+                $this->app->make(PermissionService::class)
             );
             );
         });
         });
 
 
         $this->app->bind('views', function() {
         $this->app->bind('views', function() {
             return new ViewService(
             return new ViewService(
-                $this->app->make('BookStack\View'),
-                $this->app->make('BookStack\Services\RestrictionService')
+                $this->app->make(View::class),
+                $this->app->make(PermissionService::class)
             );
             );
         });
         });
 
 
         $this->app->bind('setting', function() {
         $this->app->bind('setting', function() {
             return new SettingService(
             return new SettingService(
-                $this->app->make('BookStack\Setting'),
-                $this->app->make('Illuminate\Contracts\Cache\Repository')
+                $this->app->make(Setting::class),
+                $this->app->make(Repository::class)
             );
             );
         });
         });
 
 
         $this->app->bind('images', function() {
         $this->app->bind('images', function() {
             return new ImageService(
             return new ImageService(
-                $this->app->make('Intervention\Image\ImageManager'),
-                $this->app->make('Illuminate\Contracts\Filesystem\Factory'),
-                $this->app->make('Illuminate\Contracts\Cache\Repository')
+                $this->app->make(ImageManager::class),
+                $this->app->make(Factory::class),
+                $this->app->make(Repository::class)
             );
             );
         });
         });
     }
     }

 <?php namespace BookStack\Repos;
 <?php namespace BookStack\Repos;
 
 
+use Alpha\B;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 use BookStack\Book;
 use BookStack\Book;
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ class BookRepo extends EntityRepo
      */
      */
     private function bookQuery()
     private function bookQuery()
     {
     {
-        return $this->restrictionService->enforceBookRestrictions($this->book, 'view');
+        return $this->permissionService->enforceBookRestrictions($this->book, 'view');
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
@@ -123,21 +124,43 @@ class BookRepo extends EntityRepo
 
 
     /**
     /**
      * Get a new book instance from request input.
      * Get a new book instance from request input.
+     * @param array $input
+     * @return Book
+     */
+    public function createFromInput($input)
+    {
+        $book = $this->book->newInstance($input);
+        $book->slug = $this->findSuitableSlug($book->name);
+        $book->created_by = auth()->user()->id;
+        $book->updated_by = auth()->user()->id;
+        $book->save();
+        $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($book);
+        return $book;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update the given book from user input.
+     * @param Book $book
      * @param $input
      * @param $input
      * @return Book
      * @return Book
      */
      */
-    public function newFromInput($input)
+    public function updateFromInput(Book $book, $input)
     {
     {
-        return $this->book->newInstance($input);
+        $book->fill($input);
+        $book->slug = $this->findSuitableSlug($book->name, $book->id);
+        $book->updated_by = auth()->user()->id;
+        $book->save();
+        $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($book);
+        return $book;
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
-     * Destroy a book identified by the given slug.
-     * @param $bookSlug
+     * Destroy the given book.
+     * @param Book $book
+     * @throws \Exception
      */
      */
-    public function destroyBySlug($bookSlug)
+    public function destroy(Book $book)
     {
     {
-        $book = $this->getBySlug($bookSlug);
         foreach ($book->pages as $page) {
         foreach ($book->pages as $page) {
             $this->pageRepo->destroy($page);
             $this->pageRepo->destroy($page);
         }
         }
@@ -145,11 +168,21 @@ class BookRepo extends EntityRepo
             $this->chapterRepo->destroy($chapter);
             $this->chapterRepo->destroy($chapter);
         }
         }
         $book->views()->delete();
         $book->views()->delete();
-        $book->restrictions()->delete();
+        $book->permissions()->delete();
+        $this->permissionService->deleteJointPermissionsForEntity($book);
         $book->delete();
         $book->delete();
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
+     * Alias method to update the book jointPermissions in the PermissionService.
+     * @param Book $book
+     */
+    public function updateBookPermissions(Book $book)
+    {
+        $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($book);
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Get the next child element priority.
      * Get the next child element priority.
      * @param Book $book
      * @param Book $book
      * @return int
      * @return int
@@ -204,7 +237,7 @@ class BookRepo extends EntityRepo
     public function getChildren(Book $book, $filterDrafts = false)
     public function getChildren(Book $book, $filterDrafts = false)
     {
     {
         $pageQuery = $book->pages()->where('chapter_id', '=', 0);
         $pageQuery = $book->pages()->where('chapter_id', '=', 0);
-        $pageQuery = $this->restrictionService->enforcePageRestrictions($pageQuery, 'view');
+        $pageQuery = $this->permissionService->enforcePageRestrictions($pageQuery, 'view');
 
 
         if ($filterDrafts) {
         if ($filterDrafts) {
             $pageQuery = $pageQuery->where('draft', '=', false);
             $pageQuery = $pageQuery->where('draft', '=', false);
@@ -213,10 +246,10 @@ class BookRepo extends EntityRepo
         $pages = $pageQuery->get();
         $pages = $pageQuery->get();
 
 
         $chapterQuery = $book->chapters()->with(['pages' => function($query) use ($filterDrafts) {
         $chapterQuery = $book->chapters()->with(['pages' => function($query) use ($filterDrafts) {
-            $this->restrictionService->enforcePageRestrictions($query, 'view');
+            $this->permissionService->enforcePageRestrictions($query, 'view');
             if ($filterDrafts) $query->where('draft', '=', false);
             if ($filterDrafts) $query->where('draft', '=', false);
         }]);
         }]);
-        $chapterQuery = $this->restrictionService->enforceChapterRestrictions($chapterQuery, 'view');
+        $chapterQuery = $this->permissionService->enforceChapterRestrictions($chapterQuery, 'view');
         $chapters = $chapterQuery->get();
         $chapters = $chapterQuery->get();
         $children = $pages->merge($chapters);
         $children = $pages->merge($chapters);
         $bookSlug = $book->slug;
         $bookSlug = $book->slug;
@@ -253,7 +286,7 @@ class BookRepo extends EntityRepo
     public function getBySearch($term, $count = 20, $paginationAppends = [])
     public function getBySearch($term, $count = 20, $paginationAppends = [])
     {
     {
         $terms = $this->prepareSearchTerms($term);
         $terms = $this->prepareSearchTerms($term);
-        $books = $this->restrictionService->enforceBookRestrictions($this->book->fullTextSearchQuery(['name', 'description'], $terms))
+        $books = $this->permissionService->enforceBookRestrictions($this->book->fullTextSearchQuery(['name', 'description'], $terms))
             ->paginate($count)->appends($paginationAppends);
             ->paginate($count)->appends($paginationAppends);
         $words = join('|', explode(' ', preg_quote(trim($term), '/')));
         $words = join('|', explode(' ', preg_quote(trim($term), '/')));
         foreach ($books as $book) {
         foreach ($books as $book) {

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 
 
 
 use Activity;
 use Activity;
+use BookStack\Book;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 use BookStack\Chapter;
 use BookStack\Chapter;
@@ -9,12 +10,12 @@ use BookStack\Chapter;
 class ChapterRepo extends EntityRepo
 class ChapterRepo extends EntityRepo
 {
 {
     /**
     /**
-     * Base query for getting chapters, Takes restrictions into account.
+     * Base query for getting chapters, Takes permissions into account.
      * @return mixed
      * @return mixed
      */
      */
     private function chapterQuery()
     private function chapterQuery()
     {
     {
-        return $this->restrictionService->enforceChapterRestrictions($this->chapter, 'view');
+        return $this->permissionService->enforceChapterRestrictions($this->chapter, 'view');
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ class ChapterRepo extends EntityRepo
      */
      */
     public function getChildren(Chapter $chapter)
     public function getChildren(Chapter $chapter)
     {
     {
-        $pages = $this->restrictionService->enforcePageRestrictions($chapter->pages())->get();
+        $pages = $this->permissionService->enforcePageRestrictions($chapter->pages())->get();
         // Sort items with drafts first then by priority.
         // Sort items with drafts first then by priority.
         return $pages->sortBy(function($child, $key) {
         return $pages->sortBy(function($child, $key) {
             $score = $child->priority;
             $score = $child->priority;
@@ -78,11 +79,18 @@ class ChapterRepo extends EntityRepo
     /**
     /**
      * Create a new chapter from request input.
      * Create a new chapter from request input.
      * @param $input
      * @param $input
-     * @return $this
+     * @param Book $book
+     * @return Chapter
      */
      */
-    public function newFromInput($input)
+    public function createFromInput($input, Book $book)
     {
     {
-        return $this->chapter->fill($input);
+        $chapter = $this->chapter->newInstance($input);
+        $chapter->slug = $this->findSuitableSlug($chapter->name, $book->id);
+        $chapter->created_by = auth()->user()->id;
+        $chapter->updated_by = auth()->user()->id;
+        $chapter = $book->chapters()->save($chapter);
+        $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($chapter);
+        return $chapter;
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
@@ -99,7 +107,8 @@ class ChapterRepo extends EntityRepo
         }
         }
         Activity::removeEntity($chapter);
         Activity::removeEntity($chapter);
         $chapter->views()->delete();
         $chapter->views()->delete();
-        $chapter->restrictions()->delete();
+        $chapter->permissions()->delete();
+        $this->permissionService->deleteJointPermissionsForEntity($chapter);
         $chapter->delete();
         $chapter->delete();
     }
     }
 
 
@@ -159,7 +168,7 @@ class ChapterRepo extends EntityRepo
     public function getBySearch($term, $whereTerms = [], $count = 20, $paginationAppends = [])
     public function getBySearch($term, $whereTerms = [], $count = 20, $paginationAppends = [])
     {
     {
         $terms = $this->prepareSearchTerms($term);
         $terms = $this->prepareSearchTerms($term);
-        $chapters = $this->restrictionService->enforceChapterRestrictions($this->chapter->fullTextSearchQuery(['name', 'description'], $terms, $whereTerms))
+        $chapters = $this->permissionService->enforceChapterRestrictions($this->chapter->fullTextSearchQuery(['name', 'description'], $terms, $whereTerms))
             ->paginate($count)->appends($paginationAppends);
             ->paginate($count)->appends($paginationAppends);
         $words = join('|', explode(' ', preg_quote(trim($term), '/')));
         $words = join('|', explode(' ', preg_quote(trim($term), '/')));
         foreach ($chapters as $chapter) {
         foreach ($chapters as $chapter) {

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use BookStack\Book;
 use BookStack\Chapter;
 use BookStack\Chapter;
 use BookStack\Entity;
 use BookStack\Entity;
 use BookStack\Page;
 use BookStack\Page;
-use BookStack\Services\RestrictionService;
+use BookStack\Services\PermissionService;
 use BookStack\User;
 use BookStack\User;
 
 
 class EntityRepo
 class EntityRepo
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ class EntityRepo
     public $page;
     public $page;
 
 
     /**
     /**
-     * @var RestrictionService
+     * @var PermissionService
      */
      */
-    protected $restrictionService;
+    protected $permissionService;
 
 
     /**
     /**
      * EntityService constructor.
      * EntityService constructor.
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class EntityRepo
         $this->book = app(Book::class);
         $this->book = app(Book::class);
         $this->chapter = app(Chapter::class);
         $this->chapter = app(Chapter::class);
         $this->page = app(Page::class);
         $this->page = app(Page::class);
-        $this->restrictionService = app(RestrictionService::class);
+        $this->permissionService = app(PermissionService::class);
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class EntityRepo
      */
      */
     public function getRecentlyCreatedBooks($count = 20, $page = 0, $additionalQuery = false)
     public function getRecentlyCreatedBooks($count = 20, $page = 0, $additionalQuery = false)
     {
     {
-        $query = $this->restrictionService->enforceBookRestrictions($this->book)
+        $query = $this->permissionService->enforceBookRestrictions($this->book)
             ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc');
             ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc');
         if ($additionalQuery !== false && is_callable($additionalQuery)) {
         if ($additionalQuery !== false && is_callable($additionalQuery)) {
             $additionalQuery($query);
             $additionalQuery($query);
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class EntityRepo
      */
      */
     public function getRecentlyUpdatedBooks($count = 20, $page = 0)
     public function getRecentlyUpdatedBooks($count = 20, $page = 0)
     {
     {
-        return $this->restrictionService->enforceBookRestrictions($this->book)
+        return $this->permissionService->enforceBookRestrictions($this->book)
             ->orderBy('updated_at', 'desc')->skip($page * $count)->take($count)->get();
             ->orderBy('updated_at', 'desc')->skip($page * $count)->take($count)->get();
     }
     }
 
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class EntityRepo
      */
      */
     public function getRecentlyCreatedPages($count = 20, $page = 0, $additionalQuery = false)
     public function getRecentlyCreatedPages($count = 20, $page = 0, $additionalQuery = false)
     {
     {
-        $query = $this->restrictionService->enforcePageRestrictions($this->page)
+        $query = $this->permissionService->enforcePageRestrictions($this->page)
             ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')->where('draft', '=', false);
             ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')->where('draft', '=', false);
         if ($additionalQuery !== false && is_callable($additionalQuery)) {
         if ($additionalQuery !== false && is_callable($additionalQuery)) {
             $additionalQuery($query);
             $additionalQuery($query);
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class EntityRepo
      */
      */
     public function getRecentlyCreatedChapters($count = 20, $page = 0, $additionalQuery = false)
     public function getRecentlyCreatedChapters($count = 20, $page = 0, $additionalQuery = false)
     {
     {
-        $query = $this->restrictionService->enforceChapterRestrictions($this->chapter)
+        $query = $this->permissionService->enforceChapterRestrictions($this->chapter)
             ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc');
             ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc');
         if ($additionalQuery !== false && is_callable($additionalQuery)) {
         if ($additionalQuery !== false && is_callable($additionalQuery)) {
             $additionalQuery($query);
             $additionalQuery($query);
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class EntityRepo
      */
      */
     public function getRecentlyUpdatedPages($count = 20, $page = 0)
     public function getRecentlyUpdatedPages($count = 20, $page = 0)
     {
     {
-        return $this->restrictionService->enforcePageRestrictions($this->page)
+        return $this->permissionService->enforcePageRestrictions($this->page)
             ->where('draft', '=', false)
             ->where('draft', '=', false)
             ->orderBy('updated_at', 'desc')->with('book')->skip($page * $count)->take($count)->get();
             ->orderBy('updated_at', 'desc')->with('book')->skip($page * $count)->take($count)->get();
     }
     }
@@ -136,14 +136,14 @@ class EntityRepo
      * @param $request
      * @param $request
      * @param Entity $entity
      * @param Entity $entity
      */
      */
-    public function updateRestrictionsFromRequest($request, Entity $entity)
+    public function updateEntityPermissionsFromRequest($request, Entity $entity)
     {
     {
         $entity->restricted = $request->has('restricted') && $request->get('restricted') === 'true';
         $entity->restricted = $request->has('restricted') && $request->get('restricted') === 'true';
-        $entity->restrictions()->delete();
+        $entity->permissions()->delete();
         if ($request->has('restrictions')) {
         if ($request->has('restrictions')) {
             foreach ($request->get('restrictions') as $roleId => $restrictions) {
             foreach ($request->get('restrictions') as $roleId => $restrictions) {
                 foreach ($restrictions as $action => $value) {
                 foreach ($restrictions as $action => $value) {
-                    $entity->restrictions()->create([
+                    $entity->permissions()->create([
                         'role_id' => $roleId,
                         'role_id' => $roleId,
                         'action'  => strtolower($action)
                         'action'  => strtolower($action)
                     ]);
                     ]);
@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@ class EntityRepo
             }
             }
         }
         }
         $entity->save();
         $entity->save();
+        $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($entity);
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 use BookStack\Image;
 use BookStack\Image;
 use BookStack\Page;
 use BookStack\Page;
 use BookStack\Services\ImageService;
 use BookStack\Services\ImageService;
-use BookStack\Services\RestrictionService;
+use BookStack\Services\PermissionService;
 use Setting;
 use Setting;
 use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\File\UploadedFile;
 use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\File\UploadedFile;
 
 
@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ class ImageRepo
      * ImageRepo constructor.
      * ImageRepo constructor.
      * @param Image $image
      * @param Image $image
      * @param ImageService $imageService
      * @param ImageService $imageService
-     * @param RestrictionService $restrictionService
+     * @param PermissionService $permissionService
      * @param Page $page
      * @param Page $page
      */
      */
-    public function __construct(Image $image, ImageService $imageService, RestrictionService $restrictionService, Page $page)
+    public function __construct(Image $image, ImageService $imageService, PermissionService $permissionService, Page $page)
     {
     {
         $this->image = $image;
         $this->image = $image;
         $this->imageService = $imageService;
         $this->imageService = $imageService;
-        $this->restictionService = $restrictionService;
+        $this->restictionService = $permissionService;
         $this->page = $page;
         $this->page = $page;
     }
     }
 
 

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class PageRepo extends EntityRepo
      */
      */
     private function pageQuery($allowDrafts = false)
     private function pageQuery($allowDrafts = false)
     {
     {
-        $query = $this->restrictionService->enforcePageRestrictions($this->page, 'view');
+        $query = $this->permissionService->enforcePageRestrictions($this->page, 'view');
         if (!$allowDrafts) {
         if (!$allowDrafts) {
             $query = $query->where('draft', '=', false);
             $query = $query->where('draft', '=', false);
         }
         }
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class PageRepo extends EntityRepo
     {
     {
         $revision = $this->pageRevision->where('slug', '=', $pageSlug)
         $revision = $this->pageRevision->where('slug', '=', $pageSlug)
             ->whereHas('page', function ($query) {
             ->whereHas('page', function ($query) {
-                $this->restrictionService->enforcePageRestrictions($query);
+                $this->permissionService->enforcePageRestrictions($query);
             })
             })
             ->where('type', '=', 'version')
             ->where('type', '=', 'version')
             ->where('book_slug', '=', $bookSlug)->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')
             ->where('book_slug', '=', $bookSlug)->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')
@@ -168,6 +168,7 @@ class PageRepo extends EntityRepo
         if ($chapter) $page->chapter_id = $chapter->id;
         if ($chapter) $page->chapter_id = $chapter->id;
 
 
         $book->pages()->save($page);
         $book->pages()->save($page);
+        $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($page);
         return $page;
         return $page;
     }
     }
 
 
@@ -241,7 +242,7 @@ class PageRepo extends EntityRepo
     public function getBySearch($term, $whereTerms = [], $count = 20, $paginationAppends = [])
     public function getBySearch($term, $whereTerms = [], $count = 20, $paginationAppends = [])
     {
     {
         $terms = $this->prepareSearchTerms($term);
         $terms = $this->prepareSearchTerms($term);
-        $pages = $this->restrictionService->enforcePageRestrictions($this->page->fullTextSearchQuery(['name', 'text'], $terms, $whereTerms))
+        $pages = $this->permissionService->enforcePageRestrictions($this->page->fullTextSearchQuery(['name', 'text'], $terms, $whereTerms))
             ->paginate($count)->appends($paginationAppends);
             ->paginate($count)->appends($paginationAppends);
 
 
         // Add highlights to page text.
         // Add highlights to page text.
@@ -577,12 +578,13 @@ class PageRepo extends EntityRepo
      * Destroy a given page along with its dependencies.
      * Destroy a given page along with its dependencies.
      * @param $page
      * @param $page
      */
      */
-    public function destroy($page)
+    public function destroy(Page $page)
     {
     {
         Activity::removeEntity($page);
         Activity::removeEntity($page);
         $page->views()->delete();
         $page->views()->delete();
         $page->revisions()->delete();
         $page->revisions()->delete();
-        $page->restrictions()->delete();
+        $page->permissions()->delete();
+        $this->permissionService->deleteJointPermissionsForEntity($page);
         $page->delete();
         $page->delete();
     }
     }
 
 

@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
 
 
 
 
 use BookStack\Exceptions\PermissionsException;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\PermissionsException;
-use BookStack\Permission;
+use BookStack\RolePermission;
 use BookStack\Role;
 use BookStack\Role;
+use BookStack\Services\PermissionService;
 use Setting;
 use Setting;
 
 
 class PermissionsRepo
 class PermissionsRepo
@@ -11,16 +12,21 @@ class PermissionsRepo
 
 
     protected $permission;
     protected $permission;
     protected $role;
     protected $role;
+    protected $permissionService;
+
+    protected $systemRoles = ['admin', 'public'];
 
 
     /**
     /**
      * PermissionsRepo constructor.
      * PermissionsRepo constructor.
-     * @param $permission
-     * @param $role
+     * @param RolePermission $permission
+     * @param Role $role
+     * @param PermissionService $permissionService
      */
      */
-    public function __construct(Permission $permission, Role $role)
+    public function __construct(RolePermission $permission, Role $role, PermissionService $permissionService)
     {
     {
         $this->permission = $permission;
         $this->permission = $permission;
         $this->role = $role;
         $this->role = $role;
+        $this->permissionService = $permissionService;
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
@@ -29,7 +35,7 @@ class PermissionsRepo
      */
      */
     public function getAllRoles()
     public function getAllRoles()
     {
     {
-        return $this->role->all();
+        return $this->role->where('hidden', '=', false)->get();
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
@@ -39,7 +45,7 @@ class PermissionsRepo
      */
      */
     public function getAllRolesExcept(Role $role)
     public function getAllRolesExcept(Role $role)
     {
     {
-        return $this->role->where('id', '!=', $role->id)->get();
+        return $this->role->where('id', '!=', $role->id)->where('hidden', '=', false)->get();
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
@@ -69,6 +75,7 @@ class PermissionsRepo
 
 
         $permissions = isset($roleData['permissions']) ? array_keys($roleData['permissions']) : [];
         $permissions = isset($roleData['permissions']) ? array_keys($roleData['permissions']) : [];
         $this->assignRolePermissions($role, $permissions);
         $this->assignRolePermissions($role, $permissions);
+        $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissionForRole($role);
         return $role;
         return $role;
     }
     }
 
 
@@ -77,10 +84,14 @@ class PermissionsRepo
      * Ensure Admin role always has all permissions.
      * Ensure Admin role always has all permissions.
      * @param $roleId
      * @param $roleId
      * @param $roleData
      * @param $roleData
+     * @throws PermissionsException
      */
      */
     public function updateRole($roleId, $roleData)
     public function updateRole($roleId, $roleData)
     {
     {
         $role = $this->role->findOrFail($roleId);
         $role = $this->role->findOrFail($roleId);
+
+        if ($role->hidden) throw new PermissionsException("Cannot update a hidden role");
+
         $permissions = isset($roleData['permissions']) ? array_keys($roleData['permissions']) : [];
         $permissions = isset($roleData['permissions']) ? array_keys($roleData['permissions']) : [];
         $this->assignRolePermissions($role, $permissions);
         $this->assignRolePermissions($role, $permissions);
 
 
@@ -91,6 +102,7 @@ class PermissionsRepo
 
 
         $role->fill($roleData);
         $role->fill($roleData);
         $role->save();
         $role->save();
+        $this->permissionService->buildJointPermissionForRole($role);
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
@@ -122,8 +134,8 @@ class PermissionsRepo
         $role = $this->role->findOrFail($roleId);
         $role = $this->role->findOrFail($roleId);
 
 
         // Prevent deleting admin role or default registration role.
         // Prevent deleting admin role or default registration role.
-        if ($role->name === 'admin') {
-            throw new PermissionsException('The admin role cannot be deleted');
+        if ($role->system_name && in_array($role->system_name, $this->systemRoles)) {
+            throw new PermissionsException('This role is a system role and cannot be deleted');
         } else if ($role->id == setting('registration-role')) {
         } else if ($role->id == setting('registration-role')) {
             throw new PermissionsException('This role cannot be deleted while set as the default registration role.');
             throw new PermissionsException('This role cannot be deleted while set as the default registration role.');
         }
         }
@@ -136,6 +148,7 @@ class PermissionsRepo
             }
             }
         }
         }
 
 
+        $this->permissionService->deleteJointPermissionsForRole($role);
         $role->delete();
         $role->delete();
     }
     }
 
 

@@ -169,13 +169,22 @@ class UserRepo
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
+     * Get the roles in the system that are assignable to a user.
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function getAssignableRoles()
+    {
+        return $this->role->visible();
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Get all the roles which can be given restricted access to
      * Get all the roles which can be given restricted access to
      * other entities in the system.
      * other entities in the system.
      * @return mixed
      * @return mixed
      */
      */
     public function getRestrictableRoles()
     public function getRestrictableRoles()
     {
     {
-        return $this->role->where('name', '!=', 'admin')->get();
+        return $this->role->where('hidden', '=', false)->where('system_name', '=', '')->get();
     }
     }
 
 
 }
 }
\ No newline at end of file

-<?php
+<?php namespace BookStack;
 
 
-namespace BookStack;
-
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 
 
 class Role extends Model
 class Role extends Model
 {
 {
@@ -14,40 +11,54 @@ class Role extends Model
      */
      */
     public function users()
     public function users()
     {
     {
-        return $this->belongsToMany('BookStack\User');
+        return $this->belongsToMany(User::class);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all related JointPermissions.
+     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany
+     */
+    public function jointPermissions()
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(JointPermission::class);
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
-     * The permissions that belong to the role.
+     * The RolePermissions that belong to the role.
      */
      */
     public function permissions()
     public function permissions()
     {
     {
-        return $this->belongsToMany('BookStack\Permission');
+        return $this->belongsToMany(RolePermission::class, 'permission_role', 'role_id', 'permission_id');
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
      * Check if this role has a permission.
      * Check if this role has a permission.
-     * @param $permission
+     * @param $permissionName
+     * @return bool
      */
      */
-    public function hasPermission($permission)
+    public function hasPermission($permissionName)
     {
     {
-        return $this->permissions->pluck('name')->contains($permission);
+        $permissions = $this->getRelationValue('permissions');
+        foreach ($permissions as $permission) {
+            if ($permission->getRawAttribute('name') === $permissionName) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
      * Add a permission to this role.
      * Add a permission to this role.
-     * @param Permission $permission
+     * @param RolePermission $permission
      */
      */
-    public function attachPermission(Permission $permission)
+    public function attachPermission(RolePermission $permission)
     {
     {
         $this->permissions()->attach($permission->id);
         $this->permissions()->attach($permission->id);
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
      * Detach a single permission from this role.
      * Detach a single permission from this role.
-     * @param Permission $permission
+     * @param RolePermission $permission
      */
      */
-    public function detachPermission(Permission $permission)
+    public function detachPermission(RolePermission $permission)
     {
     {
         $this->permissions()->detach($permission->id);
         $this->permissions()->detach($permission->id);
     }
     }
@@ -61,4 +72,24 @@ class Role extends Model
     {
     {
         return static::where('name', '=', $roleName)->first();
         return static::where('name', '=', $roleName)->first();
     }
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the role object for the specified system role.
+     * @param $roleName
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public static function getSystemRole($roleName)
+    {
+        return static::where('system_name', '=', $roleName)->first();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all visible roles
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public static function visible()
+    {
+        return static::where('hidden', '=', false)->orderBy('name')->get();
+    }
+
 }
 }

-<?php
+<?php namespace BookStack;
 
 
-namespace BookStack;
 
 
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
-
-class Permission extends Model
+class RolePermission extends Model
 {
 {
     /**
     /**
      * The roles that belong to the permission.
      * The roles that belong to the permission.
      */
      */
     public function roles()
     public function roles()
     {
     {
-        return $this->belongsToMany('BookStack\Role');
+        return $this->belongsToMany(Role::class, 'permission_role','permission_id', 'role_id');
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
      * Get the permission object by name.
      * Get the permission object by name.
-     * @param $roleName
+     * @param $name
      * @return mixed
      * @return mixed
      */
      */
     public static function getByName($name)
     public static function getByName($name)

@@ -8,17 +8,17 @@ class ActivityService
 {
 {
     protected $activity;
     protected $activity;
     protected $user;
     protected $user;
-    protected $restrictionService;
+    protected $permissionService;
 
 
     /**
     /**
      * ActivityService constructor.
      * ActivityService constructor.
      * @param Activity $activity
      * @param Activity $activity
-     * @param RestrictionService $restrictionService
+     * @param PermissionService $permissionService
      */
      */
-    public function __construct(Activity $activity, RestrictionService $restrictionService)
+    public function __construct(Activity $activity, PermissionService $permissionService)
     {
     {
         $this->activity = $activity;
         $this->activity = $activity;
-        $this->restrictionService = $restrictionService;
+        $this->permissionService = $permissionService;
         $this->user = auth()->user();
         $this->user = auth()->user();
     }
     }
 
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class ActivityService
      */
      */
     public function latest($count = 20, $page = 0)
     public function latest($count = 20, $page = 0)
     {
     {
-        $activityList = $this->restrictionService
+        $activityList = $this->permissionService
             ->filterRestrictedEntityRelations($this->activity, 'activities', 'entity_id', 'entity_type')
             ->filterRestrictedEntityRelations($this->activity, 'activities', 'entity_id', 'entity_type')
             ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')->skip($count * $page)->take($count)->get();
             ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')->skip($count * $page)->take($count)->get();
 
 
@@ -105,8 +105,16 @@ class ActivityService
      */
      */
     public function entityActivity($entity, $count = 20, $page = 0)
     public function entityActivity($entity, $count = 20, $page = 0)
     {
     {
-        $activity = $entity->hasMany('BookStack\Activity')->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')
-            ->skip($count * $page)->take($count)->get();
+        if ($entity->isA('book')) {
+            $query = $this->activity->where('book_id', '=', $entity->id);
+        } else {
+            $query = $this->activity->where('entity_type', '=', get_class($entity))
+                ->where('entity_id', '=', $entity->id);
+        }
+        
+        $activity = $this->permissionService
+            ->filterRestrictedEntityRelations($query, 'activities', 'entity_id', 'entity_type')
+            ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')->skip($count * $page)->take($count)->get();
 
 
         return $this->filterSimilar($activity);
         return $this->filterSimilar($activity);
     }
     }
@@ -121,7 +129,7 @@ class ActivityService
      */
      */
     public function userActivity($user, $count = 20, $page = 0)
     public function userActivity($user, $count = 20, $page = 0)
     {
     {
-        $activityList = $this->restrictionService
+        $activityList = $this->permissionService
             ->filterRestrictedEntityRelations($this->activity, 'activities', 'entity_id', 'entity_type')
             ->filterRestrictedEntityRelations($this->activity, 'activities', 'entity_id', 'entity_type')
             ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')->where('user_id', '=', $user->id)->skip($count * $page)->take($count)->get();
             ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')->where('user_id', '=', $user->id)->skip($count * $page)->take($count)->get();
         return $this->filterSimilar($activityList);
         return $this->filterSimilar($activityList);

+<?php namespace BookStack\Services;
+
+use BookStack\Book;
+use BookStack\Chapter;
+use BookStack\Entity;
+use BookStack\JointPermission;
+use BookStack\Page;
+use BookStack\Role;
+use BookStack\User;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection;
+
+class PermissionService
+{
+
+    protected $userRoles;
+    protected $isAdmin;
+    protected $currentAction;
+    protected $currentUser;
+
+    public $book;
+    public $chapter;
+    public $page;
+
+    protected $jointPermission;
+    protected $role;
+
+    /**
+     * PermissionService constructor.
+     * @param JointPermission $jointPermission
+     * @param Book $book
+     * @param Chapter $chapter
+     * @param Page $page
+     * @param Role $role
+     */
+    public function __construct(JointPermission $jointPermission, Book $book, Chapter $chapter, Page $page, Role $role)
+    {
+        $this->currentUser = auth()->user();
+        $userSet = $this->currentUser !== null;
+        $this->userRoles = false;
+        $this->isAdmin = $userSet ? $this->currentUser->hasRole('admin') : false;
+        if (!$userSet) $this->currentUser = new User();
+
+        $this->jointPermission = $jointPermission;
+        $this->role = $role;
+        $this->book = $book;
+        $this->chapter = $chapter;
+        $this->page = $page;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the roles for the current user;
+     * @return array|bool
+     */
+    protected function getRoles()
+    {
+        if ($this->userRoles !== false) return $this->userRoles;
+
+        $roles = [];
+
+        if (auth()->guest()) {
+            $roles[] = $this->role->getSystemRole('public')->id;
+            return $roles;
+        }
+
+
+        foreach ($this->currentUser->roles as $role) {
+            $roles[] = $role->id;
+        }
+        return $roles;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Re-generate all entity permission from scratch.
+     */
+    public function buildJointPermissions()
+    {
+        $this->jointPermission->truncate();
+
+        // Get all roles (Should be the most limited dimension)
+        $roles = $this->role->with('permissions')->get();
+
+        // Chunk through all books
+        $this->book->with('permissions')->chunk(500, function ($books) use ($roles) {
+            $this->createManyJointPermissions($books, $roles);
+        });
+
+        // Chunk through all chapters
+        $this->chapter->with('book', 'permissions')->chunk(500, function ($chapters) use ($roles) {
+            $this->createManyJointPermissions($chapters, $roles);
+        });
+
+        // Chunk through all pages
+        $this->page->with('book', 'chapter', 'permissions')->chunk(500, function ($pages) use ($roles) {
+            $this->createManyJointPermissions($pages, $roles);
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create the entity jointPermissions for a particular entity.
+     * @param Entity $entity
+     */
+    public function buildJointPermissionsForEntity(Entity $entity)
+    {
+        $roles = $this->role->with('jointPermissions')->get();
+        $entities = collect([$entity]);
+
+        if ($entity->isA('book')) {
+            $entities = $entities->merge($entity->chapters);
+            $entities = $entities->merge($entity->pages);
+        } elseif ($entity->isA('chapter')) {
+            $entities = $entities->merge($entity->pages);
+        }
+
+        $this->deleteManyJointPermissionsForEntities($entities);
+        $this->createManyJointPermissions($entities, $roles);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Build the entity jointPermissions for a particular role.
+     * @param Role $role
+     */
+    public function buildJointPermissionForRole(Role $role)
+    {
+        $roles = collect([$role]);
+
+        $this->deleteManyJointPermissionsForRoles($roles);
+
+        // Chunk through all books
+        $this->book->with('permissions')->chunk(500, function ($books) use ($roles) {
+            $this->createManyJointPermissions($books, $roles);
+        });
+
+        // Chunk through all chapters
+        $this->chapter->with('book', 'permissions')->chunk(500, function ($books) use ($roles) {
+            $this->createManyJointPermissions($books, $roles);
+        });
+
+        // Chunk through all pages
+        $this->page->with('book', 'chapter', 'permissions')->chunk(500, function ($books) use ($roles) {
+            $this->createManyJointPermissions($books, $roles);
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Delete the entity jointPermissions attached to a particular role.
+     * @param Role $role
+     */
+    public function deleteJointPermissionsForRole(Role $role)
+    {
+        $this->deleteManyJointPermissionsForRoles([$role]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Delete all of the entity jointPermissions for a list of entities.
+     * @param Role[] $roles
+     */
+    protected function deleteManyJointPermissionsForRoles($roles)
+    {
+        foreach ($roles as $role) {
+            $role->jointPermissions()->delete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Delete the entity jointPermissions for a particular entity.
+     * @param Entity $entity
+     */
+    public function deleteJointPermissionsForEntity(Entity $entity)
+    {
+        $this->deleteManyJointPermissionsForEntities([$entity]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Delete all of the entity jointPermissions for a list of entities.
+     * @param Entity[] $entities
+     */
+    protected function deleteManyJointPermissionsForEntities($entities)
+    {
+        foreach ($entities as $entity) {
+            $entity->jointPermissions()->delete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create & Save entity jointPermissions for many entities and jointPermissions.
+     * @param Collection $entities
+     * @param Collection $roles
+     */
+    protected function createManyJointPermissions($entities, $roles)
+    {
+        $jointPermissions = [];
+        foreach ($entities as $entity) {
+            foreach ($roles as $role) {
+                foreach ($this->getActions($entity) as $action) {
+                    $jointPermissions[] = $this->createJointPermissionData($entity, $role, $action);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        $this->jointPermission->insert($jointPermissions);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Get the actions related to an entity.
+     * @param $entity
+     * @return array
+     */
+    protected function getActions($entity)
+    {
+        $baseActions = ['view', 'update', 'delete'];
+
+        if ($entity->isA('chapter')) {
+            $baseActions[] = 'page-create';
+        } else if ($entity->isA('book')) {
+            $baseActions[] = 'page-create';
+            $baseActions[] = 'chapter-create';
+        }
+
+         return $baseActions;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create entity permission data for an entity and role
+     * for a particular action.
+     * @param Entity $entity
+     * @param Role $role
+     * @param $action
+     * @return array
+     */
+    protected function createJointPermissionData(Entity $entity, Role $role, $action)
+    {
+        $permissionPrefix = (strpos($action, '-') === false ? ($entity->getType() . '-') : '') . $action;
+        $roleHasPermission = $role->hasPermission($permissionPrefix . '-all');
+        $roleHasPermissionOwn = $role->hasPermission($permissionPrefix . '-own');
+        $explodedAction = explode('-', $action);
+        $restrictionAction = end($explodedAction);
+
+        if ($entity->isA('book')) {
+
+            if (!$entity->restricted) {
+                return $this->createJointPermissionDataArray($entity, $role, $action, $roleHasPermission, $roleHasPermissionOwn);
+            } else {
+                $hasAccess = $entity->hasActiveRestriction($role->id, $restrictionAction);
+                return $this->createJointPermissionDataArray($entity, $role, $action, $hasAccess, $hasAccess);
+            }
+
+        } elseif ($entity->isA('chapter')) {
+
+            if (!$entity->restricted) {
+                $hasExplicitAccessToBook = $entity->book->hasActiveRestriction($role->id, $restrictionAction);
+                $hasPermissiveAccessToBook = !$entity->book->restricted;
+                return $this->createJointPermissionDataArray($entity, $role, $action,
+                    ($hasExplicitAccessToBook || ($roleHasPermission && $hasPermissiveAccessToBook)),
+                    ($hasExplicitAccessToBook || ($roleHasPermissionOwn && $hasPermissiveAccessToBook)));
+            } else {
+                $hasAccess = $entity->hasActiveRestriction($role->id, $restrictionAction);
+                return $this->createJointPermissionDataArray($entity, $role, $action, $hasAccess, $hasAccess);
+            }
+
+        } elseif ($entity->isA('page')) {
+
+            if (!$entity->restricted) {
+                $hasExplicitAccessToBook = $entity->book->hasActiveRestriction($role->id, $restrictionAction);
+                $hasPermissiveAccessToBook = !$entity->book->restricted;
+                $hasExplicitAccessToChapter = $entity->chapter && $entity->chapter->hasActiveRestriction($role->id, $restrictionAction);
+                $hasPermissiveAccessToChapter = $entity->chapter && !$entity->chapter->restricted;
+                $acknowledgeChapter = ($entity->chapter && $entity->chapter->restricted);
+
+                $hasExplicitAccessToParents = $acknowledgeChapter ? $hasExplicitAccessToChapter : $hasExplicitAccessToBook;
+                $hasPermissiveAccessToParents = $acknowledgeChapter ? $hasPermissiveAccessToChapter : $hasPermissiveAccessToBook;
+
+                return $this->createJointPermissionDataArray($entity, $role, $action,
+                    ($hasExplicitAccessToParents || ($roleHasPermission && $hasPermissiveAccessToParents)),
+                    ($hasExplicitAccessToParents || ($roleHasPermissionOwn && $hasPermissiveAccessToParents))
+                );
+            } else {
+                $hasAccess = $entity->hasRestriction($role->id, $action);
+                return $this->createJointPermissionDataArray($entity, $role, $action, $hasAccess, $hasAccess);
+            }
+
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create an array of data with the information of an entity jointPermissions.
+     * Used to build data for bulk insertion.
+     * @param Entity $entity
+     * @param Role $role
+     * @param $action
+     * @param $permissionAll
+     * @param $permissionOwn
+     * @return array
+     */
+    protected function createJointPermissionDataArray(Entity $entity, Role $role, $action, $permissionAll, $permissionOwn)
+    {
+        $entityClass = get_class($entity);
+        return [
+            'role_id'            => $role->getRawAttribute('id'),
+            'entity_id'          => $entity->getRawAttribute('id'),
+            'entity_type'        => $entityClass,
+            'action'             => $action,
+            'has_permission'     => $permissionAll,
+            'has_permission_own' => $permissionOwn,
+            'created_by'         => $entity->getRawAttribute('created_by')
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if an entity has a restriction set upon it.
+     * @param Entity $entity
+     * @param $permission
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function checkEntityUserAccess(Entity $entity, $permission)
+    {
+        if ($this->isAdmin) return true;
+        $explodedPermission = explode('-', $permission);
+
+        $baseQuery = $entity->where('id', '=', $entity->id);
+        $action = end($explodedPermission);
+        $this->currentAction = $action;
+
+        $nonJointPermissions = ['restrictions'];
+
+        // Handle non entity specific jointPermissions
+        if (in_array($explodedPermission[0], $nonJointPermissions)) {
+            $allPermission = $this->currentUser && $this->currentUser->can($permission . '-all');
+            $ownPermission = $this->currentUser && $this->currentUser->can($permission . '-own');
+            $this->currentAction = 'view';
+            $isOwner = $this->currentUser && $this->currentUser->id === $entity->created_by;
+            return ($allPermission || ($isOwner && $ownPermission));
+        }
+
+        // Handle abnormal create jointPermissions
+        if ($action === 'create') {
+            $this->currentAction = $permission;
+        }
+
+
+        return $this->entityRestrictionQuery($baseQuery)->count() > 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if an entity has restrictions set on itself or its
+     * parent tree.
+     * @param Entity $entity
+     * @param $action
+     * @return bool|mixed
+     */
+    public function checkIfRestrictionsSet(Entity $entity, $action)
+    {
+        $this->currentAction = $action;
+        if ($entity->isA('page')) {
+            return $entity->restricted || ($entity->chapter && $entity->chapter->restricted) || $entity->book->restricted;
+        } elseif ($entity->isA('chapter')) {
+            return $entity->restricted || $entity->book->restricted;
+        } elseif ($entity->isA('book')) {
+            return $entity->restricted;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The general query filter to remove all entities
+     * that the current user does not have access to.
+     * @param $query
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    protected function entityRestrictionQuery($query)
+    {
+        return $query->where(function ($parentQuery) {
+            $parentQuery->whereHas('jointPermissions', function ($permissionQuery) {
+                $permissionQuery->whereIn('role_id', $this->getRoles())
+                    ->where('action', '=', $this->currentAction)
+                    ->where(function ($query) {
+                        $query->where('has_permission', '=', true)
+                            ->orWhere(function ($query) {
+                                $query->where('has_permission_own', '=', true)
+                                    ->where('created_by', '=', $this->currentUser->id);
+                            });
+                    });
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add restrictions for a page query
+     * @param $query
+     * @param string $action
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function enforcePageRestrictions($query, $action = 'view')
+    {
+        // Prevent drafts being visible to others.
+        $query = $query->where(function ($query) {
+            $query->where('draft', '=', false);
+            if ($this->currentUser) {
+                $query->orWhere(function ($query) {
+                    $query->where('draft', '=', true)->where('created_by', '=', $this->currentUser->id);
+                });
+            }
+        });
+
+        if ($this->isAdmin) return $query;
+        $this->currentAction = $action;
+        return $this->entityRestrictionQuery($query);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add on permission restrictions to a chapter query.
+     * @param $query
+     * @param string $action
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function enforceChapterRestrictions($query, $action = 'view')
+    {
+        if ($this->isAdmin) return $query;
+        $this->currentAction = $action;
+        return $this->entityRestrictionQuery($query);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add restrictions to a book query.
+     * @param $query
+     * @param string $action
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function enforceBookRestrictions($query, $action = 'view')
+    {
+        if ($this->isAdmin) return $query;
+        $this->currentAction = $action;
+        return $this->entityRestrictionQuery($query);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Filter items that have entities set a a polymorphic relation.
+     * @param $query
+     * @param string $tableName
+     * @param string $entityIdColumn
+     * @param string $entityTypeColumn
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function filterRestrictedEntityRelations($query, $tableName, $entityIdColumn, $entityTypeColumn)
+    {
+        if ($this->isAdmin) return $query;
+        $this->currentAction = 'view';
+        $tableDetails = ['tableName' => $tableName, 'entityIdColumn' => $entityIdColumn, 'entityTypeColumn' => $entityTypeColumn];
+
+        return $query->where(function ($query) use ($tableDetails) {
+            $query->whereExists(function ($permissionQuery) use (&$tableDetails) {
+                $permissionQuery->select('id')->from('joint_permissions')
+                    ->whereRaw('joint_permissions.entity_id=' . $tableDetails['tableName'] . '.' . $tableDetails['entityIdColumn'])
+                    ->whereRaw('joint_permissions.entity_type=' . $tableDetails['tableName'] . '.' . $tableDetails['entityTypeColumn'])
+                    ->where('action', '=', $this->currentAction)
+                    ->whereIn('role_id', $this->getRoles())
+                    ->where(function ($query) {
+                        $query->where('has_permission', '=', true)->orWhere(function ($query) {
+                            $query->where('has_permission_own', '=', true)
+                                ->where('created_by', '=', $this->currentUser->id);
+                        });
+                    });
+            });
+        });
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Filters pages that are a direct relation to another item.
+     * @param $query
+     * @param $tableName
+     * @param $entityIdColumn
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function filterRelatedPages($query, $tableName, $entityIdColumn)
+    {
+        if ($this->isAdmin) return $query;
+        $this->currentAction = 'view';
+        $tableDetails = ['tableName' => $tableName, 'entityIdColumn' => $entityIdColumn];
+
+        return $query->where(function ($query) use ($tableDetails) {
+            $query->where(function ($query) use (&$tableDetails) {
+                $query->whereExists(function ($permissionQuery) use (&$tableDetails) {
+                    $permissionQuery->select('id')->from('joint_permissions')
+                        ->whereRaw('joint_permissions.entity_id=' . $tableDetails['tableName'] . '.' . $tableDetails['entityIdColumn'])
+                        ->where('entity_type', '=', 'Bookstack\\Page')
+                        ->where('action', '=', $this->currentAction)
+                        ->whereIn('role_id', $this->getRoles())
+                        ->where(function ($query) {
+                            $query->where('has_permission', '=', true)->orWhere(function ($query) {
+                                $query->where('has_permission_own', '=', true)
+                                    ->where('created_by', '=', $this->currentUser->id);
+                            });
+                        });
+                });
+            })->orWhere($tableDetails['entityIdColumn'], '=', 0);
+        });
+    }
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file

-<?php namespace BookStack\Services;
-
-use BookStack\Entity;
-
-class RestrictionService
-{
-
-    protected $userRoles;
-    protected $isAdmin;
-    protected $currentAction;
-    protected $currentUser;
-
-    /**
-     * RestrictionService constructor.
-     */
-    public function __construct()
-    {
-        $this->currentUser = auth()->user();
-        $this->userRoles = $this->currentUser ? $this->currentUser->roles->pluck('id') : [];
-        $this->isAdmin = $this->currentUser ? $this->currentUser->hasRole('admin') : false;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if an entity has a restriction set upon it.
-     * @param Entity $entity
-     * @param $action
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    public function checkIfEntityRestricted(Entity $entity, $action)
-    {
-        if ($this->isAdmin) return true;
-        $this->currentAction = $action;
-        $baseQuery = $entity->where('id', '=', $entity->id);
-        if ($entity->isA('page')) {
-            return $this->pageRestrictionQuery($baseQuery)->count() > 0;
-        } elseif ($entity->isA('chapter')) {
-            return $this->chapterRestrictionQuery($baseQuery)->count() > 0;
-        } elseif ($entity->isA('book')) {
-            return $this->bookRestrictionQuery($baseQuery)->count() > 0;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Check if an entity has restrictions set on itself or its
-     * parent tree.
-     * @param Entity $entity
-     * @param $action
-     * @return bool|mixed
-     */
-    public function checkIfRestrictionsSet(Entity $entity, $action)
-    {
-        $this->currentAction = $action;
-        if ($entity->isA('page')) {
-            return $entity->restricted || ($entity->chapter && $entity->chapter->restricted) || $entity->book->restricted;
-        } elseif ($entity->isA('chapter')) {
-            return $entity->restricted || $entity->book->restricted;
-        } elseif ($entity->isA('book')) {
-            return $entity->restricted;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Add restrictions for a page query
-     * @param $query
-     * @param string $action
-     * @return mixed
-     */
-    public function enforcePageRestrictions($query, $action = 'view')
-    {
-        // Prevent drafts being visible to others.
-        $query = $query->where(function ($query) {
-            $query->where('draft', '=', false);
-            if ($this->currentUser) {
-                $query->orWhere(function ($query) {
-                    $query->where('draft', '=', true)->where('created_by', '=', $this->currentUser->id);
-                });
-            }
-        });
-
-        if ($this->isAdmin) return $query;
-        $this->currentAction = $action;
-        return $this->pageRestrictionQuery($query);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * The base query for restricting pages.
-     * @param $query
-     * @return mixed
-     */
-    private function pageRestrictionQuery($query)
-    {
-        return $query->where(function ($parentWhereQuery) {
-
-            $parentWhereQuery
-                // (Book & chapter & page) or (Book & page & NO CHAPTER) unrestricted
-                ->where(function ($query) {
-                    $query->where(function ($query) {
-                        $query->whereExists(function ($query) {
-                            $query->select('*')->from('chapters')
-                                ->whereRaw('chapters.id=pages.chapter_id')
-                                ->where('restricted', '=', false);
-                        })->whereExists(function ($query) {
-                            $query->select('*')->from('books')
-                                ->whereRaw('books.id=pages.book_id')
-                                ->where('restricted', '=', false);
-                        })->where('restricted', '=', false);
-                    })->orWhere(function ($query) {
-                        $query->where('restricted', '=', false)->where('chapter_id', '=', 0)
-                            ->whereExists(function ($query) {
-                                $query->select('*')->from('books')
-                                    ->whereRaw('books.id=pages.book_id')
-                                    ->where('restricted', '=', false);
-                            });
-                    });
-                })
-                // Page unrestricted, Has no chapter & book has accepted restrictions
-                ->orWhere(function ($query) {
-                    $query->where('restricted', '=', false)
-                        ->whereExists(function ($query) {
-                            $query->select('*')->from('chapters')
-                                ->whereRaw('chapters.id=pages.chapter_id');
-                        }, 'and', true)
-                        ->whereExists(function ($query) {
-                            $query->select('*')->from('books')
-                                ->whereRaw('books.id=pages.book_id')
-                                ->whereExists(function ($query) {
-                                    $this->checkRestrictionsQuery($query, 'books', 'Book');
-                                });
-                        });
-                })
-                // Page unrestricted, Has an unrestricted chapter & book has accepted restrictions
-                ->orWhere(function ($query) {
-                    $query->where('restricted', '=', false)
-                        ->whereExists(function ($query) {
-                            $query->select('*')->from('chapters')
-                                ->whereRaw('chapters.id=pages.chapter_id')->where('restricted', '=', false);
-                        })
-                        ->whereExists(function ($query) {
-                            $query->select('*')->from('books')
-                                ->whereRaw('books.id=pages.book_id')
-                                ->whereExists(function ($query) {
-                                    $this->checkRestrictionsQuery($query, 'books', 'Book');
-                                });
-                        });
-                })
-                // Page unrestricted, Has a chapter with accepted permissions
-                ->orWhere(function ($query) {
-                    $query->where('restricted', '=', false)
-                        ->whereExists(function ($query) {
-                            $query->select('*')->from('chapters')
-                                ->whereRaw('chapters.id=pages.chapter_id')
-                                ->where('restricted', '=', true)
-                                ->whereExists(function ($query) {
-                                    $this->checkRestrictionsQuery($query, 'chapters', 'Chapter');
-                                });
-                        });
-                })
-                // Page has accepted permissions
-                ->orWhereExists(function ($query) {
-                    $this->checkRestrictionsQuery($query, 'pages', 'Page');
-                });
-        });
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Add on permission restrictions to a chapter query.
-     * @param $query
-     * @param string $action
-     * @return mixed
-     */
-    public function enforceChapterRestrictions($query, $action = 'view')
-    {
-        if ($this->isAdmin) return $query;
-        $this->currentAction = $action;
-        return $this->chapterRestrictionQuery($query);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * The base query for restricting chapters.
-     * @param $query
-     * @return mixed
-     */
-    private function chapterRestrictionQuery($query)
-    {
-        return $query->where(function ($parentWhereQuery) {
-
-            $parentWhereQuery
-                // Book & chapter unrestricted
-                ->where(function ($query) {
-                    $query->where('restricted', '=', false)->whereExists(function ($query) {
-                        $query->select('*')->from('books')
-                            ->whereRaw('books.id=chapters.book_id')
-                            ->where('restricted', '=', false);
-                    });
-                })
-                // Chapter unrestricted & book has accepted restrictions
-                ->orWhere(function ($query) {
-                    $query->where('restricted', '=', false)
-                        ->whereExists(function ($query) {
-                            $query->select('*')->from('books')
-                                ->whereRaw('books.id=chapters.book_id')
-                                ->whereExists(function ($query) {
-                                    $this->checkRestrictionsQuery($query, 'books', 'Book');
-                                });
-                        });
-                })
-                // Chapter has accepted permissions
-                ->orWhereExists(function ($query) {
-                    $this->checkRestrictionsQuery($query, 'chapters', 'Chapter');
-                });
-        });
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Add restrictions to a book query.
-     * @param $query
-     * @param string $action
-     * @return mixed
-     */
-    public function enforceBookRestrictions($query, $action = 'view')
-    {
-        if ($this->isAdmin) return $query;
-        $this->currentAction = $action;
-        return $this->bookRestrictionQuery($query);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * The base query for restricting books.
-     * @param $query
-     * @return mixed
-     */
-    private function bookRestrictionQuery($query)
-    {
-        return $query->where(function ($parentWhereQuery) {
-            $parentWhereQuery
-                ->where('restricted', '=', false)
-                ->orWhere(function ($query) {
-                    $query->where('restricted', '=', true)->whereExists(function ($query) {
-                        $this->checkRestrictionsQuery($query, 'books', 'Book');
-                    });
-                });
-        });
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Filter items that have entities set a a polymorphic relation.
-     * @param $query
-     * @param string $tableName
-     * @param string $entityIdColumn
-     * @param string $entityTypeColumn
-     * @return mixed
-     */
-    public function filterRestrictedEntityRelations($query, $tableName, $entityIdColumn, $entityTypeColumn)
-    {
-        if ($this->isAdmin) return $query;
-        $this->currentAction = 'view';
-        $tableDetails = ['tableName' => $tableName, 'entityIdColumn' => $entityIdColumn, 'entityTypeColumn' => $entityTypeColumn];
-        return $query->where(function ($query) use ($tableDetails) {
-            $query->where(function ($query) use (&$tableDetails) {
-                $query->where($tableDetails['entityTypeColumn'], '=', 'BookStack\Page')
-                    ->whereExists(function ($query) use (&$tableDetails) {
-                        $query->select('*')->from('pages')->whereRaw('pages.id=' . $tableDetails['tableName'] . '.' . $tableDetails['entityIdColumn'])
-                            ->where(function ($query) {
-                                $this->pageRestrictionQuery($query);
-                            });
-                    });
-            })->orWhere(function ($query) use (&$tableDetails) {
-                $query->where($tableDetails['entityTypeColumn'], '=', 'BookStack\Book')->whereExists(function ($query) use (&$tableDetails) {
-                    $query->select('*')->from('books')->whereRaw('books.id=' . $tableDetails['tableName'] . '.' . $tableDetails['entityIdColumn'])
-                        ->where(function ($query) {
-                            $this->bookRestrictionQuery($query);
-                        });
-                });
-            })->orWhere(function ($query) use (&$tableDetails) {
-                $query->where($tableDetails['entityTypeColumn'], '=', 'BookStack\Chapter')->whereExists(function ($query) use (&$tableDetails) {
-                    $query->select('*')->from('chapters')->whereRaw('chapters.id=' . $tableDetails['tableName'] . '.' . $tableDetails['entityIdColumn'])
-                        ->where(function ($query) {
-                            $this->chapterRestrictionQuery($query);
-                        });
-                });
-            });
-        });
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Filters pages that are a direct relation to another item.
-     * @param $query
-     * @param $tableName
-     * @param $entityIdColumn
-     * @return mixed
-     */
-    public function filterRelatedPages($query, $tableName, $entityIdColumn)
-    {
-        if ($this->isAdmin) return $query;
-        $this->currentAction = 'view';
-        $tableDetails = ['tableName' => $tableName, 'entityIdColumn' => $entityIdColumn];
-        return $query->where(function ($query) use (&$tableDetails) {
-            $query->where(function ($query) use (&$tableDetails) {
-                $query->whereExists(function ($query) use (&$tableDetails) {
-                    $query->select('*')->from('pages')->whereRaw('pages.id=' . $tableDetails['tableName'] . '.' . $tableDetails['entityIdColumn'])
-                        ->where(function ($query) {
-                            $this->pageRestrictionQuery($query);
-                        });
-                })->orWhere($tableDetails['entityIdColumn'], '=', 0);
-            });
-        });
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * The query to check the restrictions on an entity.
-     * @param $query
-     * @param $tableName
-     * @param $modelName
-     */
-    private function checkRestrictionsQuery($query, $tableName, $modelName)
-    {
-        $query->select('*')->from('restrictions')
-            ->whereRaw('restrictions.restrictable_id=' . $tableName . '.id')
-            ->where('restrictions.restrictable_type', '=', 'BookStack\\' . $modelName)
-            ->where('restrictions.action', '=', $this->currentAction)
-            ->whereIn('restrictions.role_id', $this->userRoles);
-    }
-
-
-}
\ No newline at end of file

@@ -8,18 +8,18 @@ class ViewService
 
 
     protected $view;
     protected $view;
     protected $user;
     protected $user;
-    protected $restrictionService;
+    protected $permissionService;
 
 
     /**
     /**
      * ViewService constructor.
      * ViewService constructor.
      * @param View $view
      * @param View $view
-     * @param RestrictionService $restrictionService
+     * @param PermissionService $permissionService
      */
      */
-    public function __construct(View $view, RestrictionService $restrictionService)
+    public function __construct(View $view, PermissionService $permissionService)
     {
     {
         $this->view = $view;
         $this->view = $view;
         $this->user = auth()->user();
         $this->user = auth()->user();
-        $this->restrictionService = $restrictionService;
+        $this->permissionService = $permissionService;
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class ViewService
     public function getPopular($count = 10, $page = 0, $filterModel = false)
     public function getPopular($count = 10, $page = 0, $filterModel = false)
     {
     {
         $skipCount = $count * $page;
         $skipCount = $count * $page;
-        $query = $this->restrictionService->filterRestrictedEntityRelations($this->view, 'views', 'viewable_id', 'viewable_type')
+        $query = $this->permissionService->filterRestrictedEntityRelations($this->view, 'views', 'viewable_id', 'viewable_type')
             ->select('*', 'viewable_id', 'viewable_type', \DB::raw('SUM(views) as view_count'))
             ->select('*', 'viewable_id', 'viewable_type', \DB::raw('SUM(views) as view_count'))
             ->groupBy('viewable_id', 'viewable_type')
             ->groupBy('viewable_id', 'viewable_type')
             ->orderBy('view_count', 'desc');
             ->orderBy('view_count', 'desc');
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class ViewService
     {
     {
         if ($this->user === null) return collect();
         if ($this->user === null) return collect();
 
 
-        $query = $this->restrictionService
+        $query = $this->permissionService
             ->filterRestrictedEntityRelations($this->view, 'views', 'viewable_id', 'viewable_type');
             ->filterRestrictedEntityRelations($this->view, 'views', 'viewable_id', 'viewable_type');
 
 
         if ($filterModel) $query = $query->where('viewable_type', '=', get_class($filterModel));
         if ($filterModel) $query = $query->where('viewable_type', '=', get_class($filterModel));

-<?php
-
-namespace BookStack;
-
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+<?php namespace BookStack;
 
 
 class Setting extends Model
 class Setting extends Model
 {
 {

-<?php
+<?php namespace BookStack;
 
 
-namespace BookStack;
-
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 
 
 class SocialAccount extends Model
 class SocialAccount extends Model
 {
 {
@@ -11,6 +8,6 @@ class SocialAccount extends Model
 
 
     public function user()
     public function user()
     {
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo('BookStack\User');
+        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
     }
     }
 }
 }

-<?php
-
-namespace BookStack;
+<?php namespace BookStack;
 
 
 use Illuminate\Auth\Authenticatable;
 use Illuminate\Auth\Authenticatable;
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 use Illuminate\Auth\Passwords\CanResetPassword;
 use Illuminate\Auth\Passwords\CanResetPassword;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable as AuthenticatableContract;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable as AuthenticatableContract;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\CanResetPassword as CanResetPasswordContract;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\CanResetPassword as CanResetPasswordContract;
@@ -52,7 +49,7 @@ class User extends Model implements AuthenticatableContract, CanResetPasswordCon
      */
      */
     public function roles()
     public function roles()
     {
     {
-        return $this->belongsToMany('BookStack\Role');
+        return $this->belongsToMany(Role::class);
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
@@ -116,7 +113,7 @@ class User extends Model implements AuthenticatableContract, CanResetPasswordCon
      */
      */
     public function socialAccounts()
     public function socialAccounts()
     {
     {
-        return $this->hasMany('BookStack\SocialAccount');
+        return $this->hasMany(SocialAccount::class);
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
@@ -151,7 +148,7 @@ class User extends Model implements AuthenticatableContract, CanResetPasswordCon
      */
      */
     public function avatar()
     public function avatar()
     {
     {
-        return $this->belongsTo('BookStack\Image', 'image_id');
+        return $this->belongsTo(Image::class, 'image_id');
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**

-<?php
-
-namespace BookStack;
-
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+<?php namespace BookStack;
 
 
 class View extends Model
 class View extends Model
 {
 {

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ if (!function_exists('versioned_asset')) {
 
 
 /**
 /**
  * Check if the current user has a permission.
  * Check if the current user has a permission.
- * If an ownable element is passed in the permissions are checked against
+ * If an ownable element is passed in the jointPermissions are checked against
  * that particular item.
  * that particular item.
  * @param $permission
  * @param $permission
  * @param \BookStack\Ownable $ownable
  * @param \BookStack\Ownable $ownable
@@ -39,26 +39,13 @@ if (!function_exists('versioned_asset')) {
  */
  */
 function userCan($permission, \BookStack\Ownable $ownable = null)
 function userCan($permission, \BookStack\Ownable $ownable = null)
 {
 {
-    if (!auth()->check()) return false;
     if ($ownable === null) {
     if ($ownable === null) {
         return auth()->user() && auth()->user()->can($permission);
         return auth()->user() && auth()->user()->can($permission);
     }
     }
 
 
     // Check permission on ownable item
     // Check permission on ownable item
-    $permissionBaseName = strtolower($permission) . '-';
-    $hasPermission = false;
-    if (auth()->user()->can($permissionBaseName . 'all')) $hasPermission = true;
-    if (auth()->user()->can($permissionBaseName . 'own') && $ownable->createdBy && $ownable->createdBy->id === auth()->user()->id) $hasPermission = true;
-
-    if (!$ownable instanceof \BookStack\Entity) return $hasPermission;
-
-    // Check restrictions on the entity
-    $restrictionService = app('BookStack\Services\RestrictionService');
-    $explodedPermission = explode('-', $permission);
-    $action = end($explodedPermission);
-    $hasAccess = $restrictionService->checkIfEntityRestricted($ownable, $action);
-    $restrictionsSet = $restrictionService->checkIfRestrictionsSet($ownable, $action);
-    return ($hasAccess && $restrictionsSet) || (!$restrictionsSet && $hasPermission);
+    $permissionService = app('BookStack\Services\PermissionService');
+    return $permissionService->checkEntityUserAccess($ownable, $permission);
 }
 }
 
 
 /**
 /**

@@ -21,10 +21,13 @@ class CreateUsersTable extends Migration
             $table->nullableTimestamps();
             $table->nullableTimestamps();
         });
         });
 
 
-        \BookStack\User::forceCreate([
+        // Create the initial admin user
+        DB::table('users')->insert([
             'name' => 'Admin',
             'name' => 'Admin',
             'email' => 'admin@admin.com',
             'email' => 'admin@admin.com',
-            'password' => bcrypt('password')
+            'password' => bcrypt('password'),
+            'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
+            'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
         ]);
         ]);
     }
     }
 
 

@@ -68,35 +68,44 @@ class AddRolesAndPermissions extends Migration
 
 
 
 
         // Create default roles
         // Create default roles
-        $admin = new \BookStack\Role();
-        $admin->name = 'admin';
-        $admin->display_name = 'Admin';
-        $admin->description = 'Administrator of the whole application';
-        $admin->save();
-
-        $editor = new \BookStack\Role();
-        $editor->name = 'editor';
-        $editor->display_name = 'Editor';
-        $editor->description = 'User can edit Books, Chapters & Pages';
-        $editor->save();
-
-        $viewer = new \BookStack\Role();
-        $viewer->name = 'viewer';
-        $viewer->display_name = 'Viewer';
-        $viewer->description = 'User can view books & their content behind authentication';
-        $viewer->save();
+        $adminId = DB::table('roles')->insertGetId([
+            'name' => 'admin',
+            'display_name' => 'Admin',
+            'description' => 'Administrator of the whole application',
+            'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
+            'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
+        ]);
+        $editorId = DB::table('roles')->insertGetId([
+            'name' => 'editor',
+            'display_name' => 'Editor',
+            'description' => 'User can edit Books, Chapters & Pages',
+            'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
+            'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
+        ]);
+        $viewerId = DB::table('roles')->insertGetId([
+            'name' => 'viewer',
+            'display_name' => 'Viewer',
+            'description' => 'User can view books & their content behind authentication',
+            'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
+            'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
+        ]);
+
 
 
         // Create default CRUD permissions and allocate to admins and editors
         // Create default CRUD permissions and allocate to admins and editors
         $entities = ['Book', 'Page', 'Chapter', 'Image'];
         $entities = ['Book', 'Page', 'Chapter', 'Image'];
         $ops = ['Create', 'Update', 'Delete'];
         $ops = ['Create', 'Update', 'Delete'];
         foreach ($entities as $entity) {
         foreach ($entities as $entity) {
             foreach ($ops as $op) {
             foreach ($ops as $op) {
-                $newPermission = new \BookStack\Permission();
-                $newPermission->name = strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower($op);
-                $newPermission->display_name = $op . ' ' . $entity . 's';
-                $newPermission->save();
-                $admin->attachPermission($newPermission);
-                $editor->attachPermission($newPermission);
+                $newPermId = DB::table('permissions')->insertGetId([
+                    'name' => strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower($op),
+                    'display_name' => $op . ' ' . $entity . 's',
+                    'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
+                    'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
+                ]);
+                DB::table('permission_role')->insert([
+                    ['permission_id' => $newPermId, 'role_id' => $adminId],
+                    ['permission_id' => $newPermId, 'role_id' => $editorId]
+                ]);
             }
             }
         }
         }
 
 
@@ -105,19 +114,27 @@ class AddRolesAndPermissions extends Migration
         $ops = ['Create', 'Update', 'Delete'];
         $ops = ['Create', 'Update', 'Delete'];
         foreach ($entities as $entity) {
         foreach ($entities as $entity) {
             foreach ($ops as $op) {
             foreach ($ops as $op) {
-                $newPermission = new \BookStack\Permission();
-                $newPermission->name = strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower($op);
-                $newPermission->display_name = $op . ' ' . $entity;
-                $newPermission->save();
-                $admin->attachPermission($newPermission);
+                $newPermId = DB::table('permissions')->insertGetId([
+                    'name' => strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower($op),
+                    'display_name' => $op . ' ' . $entity,
+                    'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
+                    'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
+                ]);
+                DB::table('permission_role')->insert([
+                    'permission_id' => $newPermId,
+                    'role_id' => $adminId
+                ]);
             }
             }
         }
         }
 
 
         // Set all current users as admins
         // Set all current users as admins
         // (At this point only the initially create user should be an admin)
         // (At this point only the initially create user should be an admin)
-        $users = \BookStack\User::all();
+        $users = DB::table('users')->get();
         foreach ($users as $user) {
         foreach ($users as $user) {
-            $user->attachRole($admin);
+            DB::table('role_user')->insert([
+                'role_id' => $adminId,
+                'user_id' => $user->id
+            ]);
         }
         }
 
 
     }
     }

@@ -13,29 +13,31 @@ class UpdatePermissionsAndRoles extends Migration
     public function up()
     public function up()
     {
     {
         // Get roles with permissions we need to change
         // Get roles with permissions we need to change
-        $adminRole = \BookStack\Role::getRole('admin');
-        $editorRole = \BookStack\Role::getRole('editor');
+        $adminRoleId = DB::table('roles')->where('name', '=', 'admin')->first()->id;
+        $editorRole = DB::table('roles')->where('name', '=', 'editor')->first();
 
 
         // Delete old permissions
         // Delete old permissions
-        $permissions = \BookStack\Permission::all();
-        $permissions->each(function ($permission) {
-            $permission->delete();
-        });
+        $permissions = DB::table('permissions')->delete();
 
 
         // Create & attach new admin permissions
         // Create & attach new admin permissions
         $permissionsToCreate = [
         $permissionsToCreate = [
             'settings-manage' => 'Manage Settings',
             'settings-manage' => 'Manage Settings',
             'users-manage' => 'Manage Users',
             'users-manage' => 'Manage Users',
             'user-roles-manage' => 'Manage Roles & Permissions',
             'user-roles-manage' => 'Manage Roles & Permissions',
-            'restrictions-manage-all' => 'Manage All Entity Restrictions',
-            'restrictions-manage-own' => 'Manage Entity Restrictions On Own Content'
+            'restrictions-manage-all' => 'Manage All Entity Permissions',
+            'restrictions-manage-own' => 'Manage Entity Permissions On Own Content'
         ];
         ];
         foreach ($permissionsToCreate as $name => $displayName) {
         foreach ($permissionsToCreate as $name => $displayName) {
-            $newPermission = new \BookStack\Permission();
-            $newPermission->name = $name;
-            $newPermission->display_name = $displayName;
-            $newPermission->save();
-            $adminRole->attachPermission($newPermission);
+            $permissionId = DB::table('permissions')->insertGetId([
+                'name' => $name,
+                'display_name' => $displayName,
+                'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
+                'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
+            ]);
+            DB::table('permission_role')->insert([
+                'role_id' => $adminRoleId,
+                'permission_id' => $permissionId
+            ]);
         }
         }
 
 
         // Create & attach new entity permissions
         // Create & attach new entity permissions
@@ -43,12 +45,22 @@ class UpdatePermissionsAndRoles extends Migration
         $ops = ['Create All', 'Create Own', 'Update All', 'Update Own', 'Delete All', 'Delete Own'];
         $ops = ['Create All', 'Create Own', 'Update All', 'Update Own', 'Delete All', 'Delete Own'];
         foreach ($entities as $entity) {
         foreach ($entities as $entity) {
             foreach ($ops as $op) {
             foreach ($ops as $op) {
-                $newPermission = new \BookStack\Permission();
-                $newPermission->name = strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower(str_replace(' ', '-', $op));
-                $newPermission->display_name = $op . ' ' . $entity . 's';
-                $newPermission->save();
-                $adminRole->attachPermission($newPermission);
-                if ($editorRole !== null) $editorRole->attachPermission($newPermission);
+                $permissionId = DB::table('permissions')->insertGetId([
+                    'name' => strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower(str_replace(' ', '-', $op)),
+                    'display_name' => $op . ' ' . $entity . 's',
+                    'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
+                    'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
+                ]);
+                DB::table('permission_role')->insert([
+                    'role_id' => $adminRoleId,
+                    'permission_id' => $permissionId
+                ]);
+                if ($editorRole !== null) {
+                    DB::table('permission_role')->insert([
+                        'role_id' => $editorRole->id,
+                        'permission_id' => $permissionId
+                    ]);
+                }
             }
             }
         }
         }
 
 
@@ -62,24 +74,26 @@ class UpdatePermissionsAndRoles extends Migration
     public function down()
     public function down()
     {
     {
         // Get roles with permissions we need to change
         // Get roles with permissions we need to change
-        $adminRole = \BookStack\Role::getRole('admin');
+        $adminRoleId = DB::table('roles')->where('name', '=', 'admin')->first()->id;
 
 
         // Delete old permissions
         // Delete old permissions
-        $permissions = \BookStack\Permission::all();
-        $permissions->each(function ($permission) {
-            $permission->delete();
-        });
+        $permissions = DB::table('permissions')->delete();
 
 
         // Create default CRUD permissions and allocate to admins and editors
         // Create default CRUD permissions and allocate to admins and editors
         $entities = ['Book', 'Page', 'Chapter', 'Image'];
         $entities = ['Book', 'Page', 'Chapter', 'Image'];
         $ops = ['Create', 'Update', 'Delete'];
         $ops = ['Create', 'Update', 'Delete'];
         foreach ($entities as $entity) {
         foreach ($entities as $entity) {
             foreach ($ops as $op) {
             foreach ($ops as $op) {
-                $newPermission = new \BookStack\Permission();
-                $newPermission->name = strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower($op);
-                $newPermission->display_name = $op . ' ' . $entity . 's';
-                $newPermission->save();
-                $adminRole->attachPermission($newPermission);
+                $permissionId = DB::table('permissions')->insertGetId([
+                    'name' => strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower($op),
+                    'display_name' => $op . ' ' . $entity . 's',
+                    'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
+                    'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
+                ]);
+                DB::table('permission_role')->insert([
+                    'role_id' => $adminRoleId,
+                    'permission_id' => $permissionId
+                ]);
             }
             }
         }
         }
 
 
@@ -88,11 +102,16 @@ class UpdatePermissionsAndRoles extends Migration
         $ops = ['Create', 'Update', 'Delete'];
         $ops = ['Create', 'Update', 'Delete'];
         foreach ($entities as $entity) {
         foreach ($entities as $entity) {
             foreach ($ops as $op) {
             foreach ($ops as $op) {
-                $newPermission = new \BookStack\Permission();
-                $newPermission->name = strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower($op);
-                $newPermission->display_name = $op . ' ' . $entity;
-                $newPermission->save();
-                $adminRole->attachPermission($newPermission);
+                $permissionId = DB::table('permissions')->insertGetId([
+                    'name' => strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower($op),
+                    'display_name' => $op . ' ' . $entity,
+                    'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
+                    'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
+                ]);
+                DB::table('permission_role')->insert([
+                    'role_id' => $adminRoleId,
+                    'permission_id' => $permissionId
+                ]);
             }
             }
         }
         }
     }
     }

+<?php
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+
+class AddViewPermissionsToRoles extends Migration
+{
+    /**
+     * Run the migrations.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function up()
+    {
+        $currentRoles = DB::table('roles')->get();
+
+        // Create new view permission
+        $entities = ['Book', 'Page', 'Chapter'];
+        $ops = ['View All', 'View Own'];
+        foreach ($entities as $entity) {
+            foreach ($ops as $op) {
+                $permId = DB::table('permissions')->insertGetId([
+                    'name' => strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower(str_replace(' ', '-', $op)),
+                    'display_name' => $op . ' ' . $entity . 's',
+                    'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
+                    'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
+                ]);
+                // Assign view permission to all current roles
+                foreach ($currentRoles as $role) {
+                    DB::table('permission_role')->insert([
+                        'role_id' => $role->id,
+                        'permission_id' => $permId
+                    ]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reverse the migrations.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function down()
+    {
+        // Delete the new view permission
+        $entities = ['Book', 'Page', 'Chapter'];
+        $ops = ['View All', 'View Own'];
+        foreach ($entities as $entity) {
+            foreach ($ops as $op) {
+                $permissionName = strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower(str_replace(' ', '-', $op));
+                $permission = DB::table('permissions')->where('name', '=', $permissionName)->first();
+                DB::table('permission_role')->where('permission_id', '=', $permission->id)->delete();
+                DB::table('permissions')->where('name', '=', $permissionName)->delete();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

+<?php
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+
+class CreateJointPermissionsTable extends Migration
+{
+    /**
+     * Run the migrations.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function up()
+    {
+        Schema::create('joint_permissions', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->increments('id');
+            $table->integer('role_id');
+            $table->string('entity_type');
+            $table->integer('entity_id');
+            $table->string('action');
+            $table->boolean('has_permission')->default(false);
+            $table->boolean('has_permission_own')->default(false);
+            $table->integer('created_by');
+            // Create indexes
+            $table->index(['entity_id', 'entity_type']);
+            $table->index('has_permission');
+            $table->index('has_permission_own');
+            $table->index('role_id');
+            $table->index('action');
+            $table->index('created_by');
+        });
+
+        Schema::table('roles', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->string('system_name');
+            $table->boolean('hidden')->default(false);
+            $table->index('hidden');
+            $table->index('system_name');
+        });
+
+        Schema::rename('permissions', 'role_permissions');
+        Schema::rename('restrictions', 'entity_permissions');
+
+        // Create the new public role
+        $publicRoleData = [
+            'name' => 'public',
+            'display_name' => 'Public',
+            'description' => 'The role given to public visitors if allowed',
+            'system_name' => 'public',
+            'hidden' => true,
+            'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
+            'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
+        ];
+
+        // Ensure unique name
+        while (DB::table('roles')->where('name', '=', $publicRoleData['display_name'])->count() > 0) {
+            $publicRoleData['display_name'] = $publicRoleData['display_name'] . str_random(2);
+        }
+        $publicRoleId = DB::table('roles')->insertGetId($publicRoleData);
+
+        // Add new view permissions to public role
+        $entities = ['Book', 'Page', 'Chapter'];
+        $ops = ['View All', 'View Own'];
+        foreach ($entities as $entity) {
+            foreach ($ops as $op) {
+                $name = strtolower($entity) . '-' . strtolower(str_replace(' ', '-', $op));
+                $permission = DB::table('role_permissions')->where('name', '=', $name)->first();
+                // Assign view permission to public
+                DB::table('permission_role')->insert([
+                    'permission_id' => $permission->id,
+                    'role_id' => $publicRoleId
+                ]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Update admin role with system name
+        DB::table('roles')->where('name', '=', 'admin')->update(['system_name' => 'admin']);
+
+        // Generate the new entity jointPermissions
+        $restrictionService = app(\BookStack\Services\PermissionService::class);
+        $restrictionService->buildJointPermissions();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reverse the migrations.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function down()
+    {
+        Schema::drop('joint_permissions');
+
+        Schema::rename('role_permissions', 'permissions');
+        Schema::rename('entity_permissions', 'restrictions');
+
+        // Delete the public role
+        DB::table('roles')->where('system_name', '=', 'public')->delete();
+
+        Schema::table('roles', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->dropColumn('system_name');
+        });
+    }
+}

@@ -20,12 +20,15 @@ class DummyContentSeeder extends Seeder
             ->each(function($book) use ($user) {
             ->each(function($book) use ($user) {
                 $chapters = factory(BookStack\Chapter::class, 5)->create(['created_by' => $user->id, 'updated_by' => $user->id])
                 $chapters = factory(BookStack\Chapter::class, 5)->create(['created_by' => $user->id, 'updated_by' => $user->id])
                     ->each(function($chapter) use ($user, $book){
                     ->each(function($chapter) use ($user, $book){
-                       $pages = factory(\BookStack\Page::class, 10)->make(['created_by' => $user->id, 'updated_by' => $user->id, 'book_id' => $book->id]);
+                       $pages = factory(\BookStack\Page::class, 5)->make(['created_by' => $user->id, 'updated_by' => $user->id, 'book_id' => $book->id]);
                         $chapter->pages()->saveMany($pages);
                         $chapter->pages()->saveMany($pages);
                     });
                     });
                 $pages = factory(\BookStack\Page::class, 3)->make(['created_by' => $user->id, 'updated_by' => $user->id]);
                 $pages = factory(\BookStack\Page::class, 3)->make(['created_by' => $user->id, 'updated_by' => $user->id]);
                 $book->chapters()->saveMany($chapters);
                 $book->chapters()->saveMany($chapters);
                 $book->pages()->saveMany($pages);
                 $book->pages()->saveMany($pages);
             });
             });
+
+        $restrictionService = app(\BookStack\Services\PermissionService::class);
+        $restrictionService->buildJointPermissions();
     }
     }
 }
 }

@@ -49,9 +49,15 @@
                     <hr>
                     <hr>
                     <p class="text-muted">No pages are currently in this chapter.</p>
                     <p class="text-muted">No pages are currently in this chapter.</p>
                     <p>
                     <p>
+                        @if(userCan('page-create', $chapter))
                             <a href="{{$chapter->getUrl() . '/create-page'}}" class="text-page"><i class="zmdi zmdi-file-text"></i>Create a new page</a>
                             <a href="{{$chapter->getUrl() . '/create-page'}}" class="text-page"><i class="zmdi zmdi-file-text"></i>Create a new page</a>
+                        @endif
+                        @if(userCan('page-create', $chapter) && userCan('book-update', $book))
                             &nbsp;&nbsp;<em class="text-muted">-or-</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                             &nbsp;&nbsp;<em class="text-muted">-or-</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+                        @endif
+                        @if(userCan('book-update', $book))
                             <a href="{{$book->getUrl() . '/sort'}}" class="text-book"><i class="zmdi zmdi-book"></i>Sort the current book</a>
                             <a href="{{$book->getUrl() . '/sort'}}" class="text-book"><i class="zmdi zmdi-book"></i>Sort the current book</a>
+                        @endif
                     </p>
                     </p>
                     <hr>
                     <hr>
                 @endif
                 @endif

@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@
                 <div class="form-group">
                 <div class="form-group">
                     <label for="setting-registration-role">Default user role after registration</label>
                     <label for="setting-registration-role">Default user role after registration</label>
                     <select id="setting-registration-role" name="setting-registration-role" @if($errors->has('setting-registration-role')) class="neg" @endif>
                     <select id="setting-registration-role" name="setting-registration-role" @if($errors->has('setting-registration-role')) class="neg" @endif>
-                        @foreach(\BookStack\Role::all() as $role)
-                            <option value="{{$role->id}}"
+                        @foreach(\BookStack\Role::visible() as $role)
+                            <option value="{{$role->id}}" data-role-name="{{ $role->name }}"
                                     @if(setting('registration-role', \BookStack\Role::first()->id) == $role->id) selected @endif
                                     @if(setting('registration-role', \BookStack\Role::first()->id) == $role->id) selected @endif
                                     >
                                     >
                                 {{ $role->display_name }}
                                 {{ $role->display_name }}

 <input type="checkbox" name="permissions[{{ $permission }}]"
 <input type="checkbox" name="permissions[{{ $permission }}]"
-       @if(old('permissions.'.$permission, false)|| (!old('display_name', false) && (isset($role) && $role->hasPermission($permission)))) checked="checked" @endif
+       @if(old('permissions'.$permission, false)|| (!old('display_name', false) && (isset($role) && $role->hasPermission($permission)))) checked="checked" @endif
        value="true">
        value="true">
\ No newline at end of file

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
                 <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'users-manage']) Manage users</label>
                 <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'users-manage']) Manage users</label>
                 <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'user-roles-manage']) Manage roles & role permissions</label>
                 <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'user-roles-manage']) Manage roles & role permissions</label>
                 <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'restrictions-manage-all']) Manage all Book, Chapter & Page permissions</label>
                 <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'restrictions-manage-all']) Manage all Book, Chapter & Page permissions</label>
-                <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'restrictions-manage-own']) Manage permissions on own Book, Chapter & Pages</label>
+                <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'permissions']) Manage permissions on own Book, Chapter & Pages</label>
                 <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'settings-manage']) Manage app settings</label>
                 <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'settings-manage']) Manage app settings</label>
             </div>
             </div>
 
 
@@ -31,10 +31,11 @@
                 </p>
                 </p>
                 <table class="table">
                 <table class="table">
                     <tr>
                     <tr>
-                        <th></th>
-                        <th>Create</th>
-                        <th>Edit</th>
-                        <th>Delete</th>
+                        <th width="20%"></th>
+                        <th width="20%">Create</th>
+                        <th width="20%">View</th>
+                        <th width="20%">Edit</th>
+                        <th width="20%">Delete</th>
                     </tr>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                     <tr>
                         <td>Books</td>
                         <td>Books</td>
@@ -42,6 +43,10 @@
                             <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'book-create-all']) All</label>
                             <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'book-create-all']) All</label>
                         </td>
                         </td>
                         <td>
                         <td>
+                            <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'book-view-own']) Own</label>
+                            <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'book-view-all']) All</label>
+                        </td>
+                        <td>
                             <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'book-update-own']) Own</label>
                             <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'book-update-own']) Own</label>
                             <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'book-update-all']) All</label>
                             <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'book-update-all']) All</label>
                         </td>
                         </td>
@@ -57,6 +62,10 @@
                             <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'chapter-create-all']) All</label>
                             <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'chapter-create-all']) All</label>
                         </td>
                         </td>
                         <td>
                         <td>
+                            <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'chapter-view-own']) Own</label>
+                            <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'chapter-view-all']) All</label>
+                        </td>
+                        <td>
                             <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'chapter-update-own']) Own</label>
                             <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'chapter-update-own']) Own</label>
                             <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'chapter-update-all']) All</label>
                             <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'chapter-update-all']) All</label>
                         </td>
                         </td>
@@ -72,6 +81,10 @@
                             <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'page-create-all']) All</label>
                             <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'page-create-all']) All</label>
                         </td>
                         </td>
                         <td>
                         <td>
+                            <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'page-view-own']) Own</label>
+                            <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'page-view-all']) All</label>
+                        </td>
+                        <td>
                             <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'page-update-own']) Own</label>
                             <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'page-update-own']) Own</label>
                             <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'page-update-all']) All</label>
                             <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'page-update-all']) All</label>
                         </td>
                         </td>
@@ -83,6 +96,7 @@
                     <tr>
                     <tr>
                         <td>Images</td>
                         <td>Images</td>
                         <td>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'image-create-all'])</td>
                         <td>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'image-create-all'])</td>
+                        <td style="line-height:1.2;"><small class="faded">Controlled by the asset they are uploaded to</small></td>
                         <td>
                         <td>
                             <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'image-update-own']) Own</label>
                             <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'image-update-own']) Own</label>
                             <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'image-update-all']) All</label>
                             <label>@include('settings/roles/checkbox', ['permission' => 'image-update-all']) All</label>

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 @if(userCan('users-manage'))
 @if(userCan('users-manage'))
     <div class="form-group">
     <div class="form-group">
         <label for="role">User Role</label>
         <label for="role">User Role</label>
-        @include('form/role-checkboxes', ['name' => 'roles', 'roles' => \BookStack\Role::all()])
+        @include('form/role-checkboxes', ['name' => 'roles', 'roles' => $roles])
     </div>
     </div>
 @endif
 @endif
 
 

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 @if(userCan('users-manage'))
 @if(userCan('users-manage'))
     <div class="form-group">
     <div class="form-group">
         <label for="role">User Role</label>
         <label for="role">User Role</label>
-        @include('form/role-checkboxes', ['name' => 'roles', 'roles' => \BookStack\Role::all()])
+        @include('form/role-checkboxes', ['name' => 'roles', 'roles' => $roles])
     </div>
     </div>
 @endif
 @endif
 
 

@@ -4,12 +4,14 @@ class RestrictionsTest extends TestCase
 {
 {
     protected $user;
     protected $user;
     protected $viewer;
     protected $viewer;
+    protected $restrictionService;
 
 
     public function setUp()
     public function setUp()
     {
     {
         parent::setUp();
         parent::setUp();
         $this->user = $this->getNewUser();
         $this->user = $this->getNewUser();
         $this->viewer = $this->getViewer();
         $this->viewer = $this->getViewer();
+        $this->restrictionService = $this->app[\BookStack\Services\PermissionService::class];
     }
     }
 
 
     protected function getViewer()
     protected function getViewer()
@@ -21,28 +23,30 @@ class RestrictionsTest extends TestCase
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
-     * Manually set some restrictions on an entity.
+     * Manually set some permissions on an entity.
      * @param \BookStack\Entity $entity
      * @param \BookStack\Entity $entity
      * @param $actions
      * @param $actions
      */
      */
     protected function setEntityRestrictions(\BookStack\Entity $entity, $actions)
     protected function setEntityRestrictions(\BookStack\Entity $entity, $actions)
     {
     {
         $entity->restricted = true;
         $entity->restricted = true;
-        $entity->restrictions()->delete();
+        $entity->permissions()->delete();
         $role = $this->user->roles->first();
         $role = $this->user->roles->first();
         $viewerRole = $this->viewer->roles->first();
         $viewerRole = $this->viewer->roles->first();
         foreach ($actions as $action) {
         foreach ($actions as $action) {
-            $entity->restrictions()->create([
+            $entity->permissions()->create([
                 'role_id' => $role->id,
                 'role_id' => $role->id,
                 'action' => strtolower($action)
                 'action' => strtolower($action)
             ]);
             ]);
-            $entity->restrictions()->create([
+            $entity->permissions()->create([
                 'role_id' => $viewerRole->id,
                 'role_id' => $viewerRole->id,
                 'action' => strtolower($action)
                 'action' => strtolower($action)
             ]);
             ]);
         }
         }
         $entity->save();
         $entity->save();
-        $entity->load('restrictions');
+        $entity->load('permissions');
+        $this->restrictionService->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($entity);
+        $entity->load('jointPermissions');
     }
     }
 
 
     public function test_book_view_restriction()
     public function test_book_view_restriction()
@@ -344,7 +348,7 @@ class RestrictionsTest extends TestCase
             ->check('restrictions[2][view]')
             ->check('restrictions[2][view]')
             ->press('Save Permissions')
             ->press('Save Permissions')
             ->seeInDatabase('books', ['id' => $book->id, 'restricted' => true])
             ->seeInDatabase('books', ['id' => $book->id, 'restricted' => true])
-            ->seeInDatabase('restrictions', [
+            ->seeInDatabase('entity_permissions', [
                 'restrictable_id' => $book->id,
                 'restrictable_id' => $book->id,
                 'restrictable_type' => 'BookStack\Book',
                 'restrictable_type' => 'BookStack\Book',
                 'role_id' => '2',
                 'role_id' => '2',
@@ -361,7 +365,7 @@ class RestrictionsTest extends TestCase
             ->check('restrictions[2][update]')
             ->check('restrictions[2][update]')
             ->press('Save Permissions')
             ->press('Save Permissions')
             ->seeInDatabase('chapters', ['id' => $chapter->id, 'restricted' => true])
             ->seeInDatabase('chapters', ['id' => $chapter->id, 'restricted' => true])
-            ->seeInDatabase('restrictions', [
+            ->seeInDatabase('entity_permissions', [
                 'restrictable_id' => $chapter->id,
                 'restrictable_id' => $chapter->id,
                 'restrictable_type' => 'BookStack\Chapter',
                 'restrictable_type' => 'BookStack\Chapter',
                 'role_id' => '2',
                 'role_id' => '2',
@@ -378,7 +382,7 @@ class RestrictionsTest extends TestCase
             ->check('restrictions[2][delete]')
             ->check('restrictions[2][delete]')
             ->press('Save Permissions')
             ->press('Save Permissions')
             ->seeInDatabase('pages', ['id' => $page->id, 'restricted' => true])
             ->seeInDatabase('pages', ['id' => $page->id, 'restricted' => true])
-            ->seeInDatabase('restrictions', [
+            ->seeInDatabase('entity_permissions', [
                 'restrictable_id' => $page->id,
                 'restrictable_id' => $page->id,
                 'restrictable_type' => 'BookStack\Page',
                 'restrictable_type' => 'BookStack\Page',
                 'role_id' => '2',
                 'role_id' => '2',

@@ -7,7 +7,15 @@ class RolesTest extends TestCase
     public function setUp()
     public function setUp()
     {
     {
         parent::setUp();
         parent::setUp();
-        $this->user = $this->getNewBlankUser();
+        $this->user = $this->getViewer();
+    }
+
+    protected function getViewer()
+    {
+        $role = \BookStack\Role::getRole('viewer');
+        $viewer = $this->getNewBlankUser();
+        $viewer->attachRole($role);;
+        return $viewer;
     }
     }
 
 
     /**
     /**
@@ -141,7 +149,7 @@ class RolesTest extends TestCase
 
 
     public function test_restrictions_manage_own_permission()
     public function test_restrictions_manage_own_permission()
     {
     {
-        $otherUsersPage = \BookStack\Page::take(1)->get()->first();
+        $otherUsersPage = \BookStack\Page::first();
         $content = $this->createEntityChainBelongingToUser($this->user);
         $content = $this->createEntityChainBelongingToUser($this->user);
         // Check can't restrict other's content
         // Check can't restrict other's content
         $this->actingAs($this->user)->visit($otherUsersPage->getUrl())
         $this->actingAs($this->user)->visit($otherUsersPage->getUrl())
@@ -536,4 +544,27 @@ class RolesTest extends TestCase
             ->dontSeeInElement('.book-content', $otherPage->name);
             ->dontSeeInElement('.book-content', $otherPage->name);
     }
     }
 
 
+    public function test_public_role_not_visible_in_user_edit_screen()
+    {
+        $user = \BookStack\User::first();
+        $this->asAdmin()->visit('/settings/users/' . $user->id)
+            ->seeElement('#roles-admin')
+            ->dontSeeElement('#roles-public');
+    }
+
+    public function test_public_role_not_visible_in_role_listing()
+    {
+        $this->asAdmin()->visit('/settings/roles')
+            ->see('Admin')
+            ->dontSee('Public');
+    }
+
+    public function test_public_role_not_visible_in_default_role_setting()
+    {
+        $this->asAdmin()->visit('/settings')
+            ->seeElement('[data-role-name="admin"]')
+            ->dontSeeElement('[data-role-name="public"]');
+
+    }
+
 }
 }

@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ class TestCase extends Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\TestCase
         $page = factory(BookStack\Page::class)->create(['created_by' => $creatorUser->id, 'updated_by' => $updaterUser->id, 'book_id' => $book->id]);
         $page = factory(BookStack\Page::class)->create(['created_by' => $creatorUser->id, 'updated_by' => $updaterUser->id, 'book_id' => $book->id]);
         $book->chapters()->saveMany([$chapter]);
         $book->chapters()->saveMany([$chapter]);
         $chapter->pages()->saveMany([$page]);
         $chapter->pages()->saveMany([$page]);
+        $restrictionService = $this->app[\BookStack\Services\PermissionService::class];
+        $restrictionService->buildJointPermissionsForEntity($book);
         return [
         return [
             'book' => $book,
             'book' => $book,
             'chapter' => $chapter,
             'chapter' => $chapter,